Biological and Biomimetic Synthesis of Metal Nanomaterials

In recent years, an increasing emphasis has been placed on the development of cleaner methods to prepare nanomaterials in the pursuit of nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanoparticles by organisms or biomolecules is ideal from the point of a reduced environmental footprint. It is also particularly suitable for end uses in medicine and related fields, where biocompatibility is a major requirement. In this chapter, the current progress in biological and biomimetic synthesis of metal nanoparticles is summarized (using nanogold and nanosilver as examples). In particular, the differences between biological/biomimetic syntheses and conventional chemical syntheses are highlighted, and the fundamental principles involved are discussed. Keywords: noble metals; nanomaterials; biosynthesis; biomimetic synthesis; green chemistry; microorganisms; proteins; peptides