美国高等教育慈善捐赠三十年分析(1988-2018)

Genevieve G. Shaker, Victor M. H. Borden
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引用次数: 5

摘要

摘要:本研究探讨了近30年来美国高等教育慈善事业的发展趋势,探讨了捐赠类型、捐赠目的和慈善事业的制度类型差异。我们使用了来自自愿支持教育(VSE)调查的大约400所公立和私立机构的纵向国家样本(1988-2018)。在大多数4年制院校的样本中,经通胀调整后的捐赠平均每年增长3.6%,总体增长175%,从91亿美元增至251亿美元(2018年美元)。所有类型的捐赠者都捐出了更多的美元,捐赠支持了广泛的目的,所有类型的机构都受益了。四个值得注意的趋势包括:来自组织,尤其是基金会的捐赠比例比个人增加;早期将资金转向资本/捐赠目的,但自1998年以来又回到当前业务;指定较大比例的资金用于限制用途,而不是无限制用途;与私人机构相比,公共机构获得的资金比例更高。在部门内部的趋势显示,对公共机构的捐赠增加部分地说明了组织捐赠和用于当前业务目的的捐赠比例的上升。本研究填补了高等教育慈善学术文献的空白,并为机构领导者提供了基准筹款趋势和为未来做准备的信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analyzing Three Decades of Philanthropic Giving to U.S. Higher Education (1988–2018)
Abstract:This investigation explores trends in U.S. higher education philanthropy across 30 years, exploring giving by donor type, the purposes of the contributions, and institutional-type variation in philanthropy. We used a longitudinal national sample (1988–2018) of approximately 400 public and private institutions from the Voluntary Support of Education (VSE) survey. In the sample of mostly 4-year institutions, giving increased by an inflation-adjusted average of 3.6% annually and 175% overall, from $9.1 billion to $25.1 billion (2018 dollars). All donor types gave more dollars, gifts supported a broad range of purposes, and all institutional types benefited. Four notable trends include: an increase in the proportion of donations from organizations, and especially foundations, rather than individuals; an early shift in funding toward capital/endowment purposes but then back to current operations since 1998; designation of a larger proportion of funds for restricted, rather than unrestricted, purposes; and a higher proportion of dollars contributed to public, as compared to private institutions. Within sector trends reveal that increased giving to public institutions partly accounts for the rising proportions of both organizational donations and donations for current operations purposes. This study fills gaps in the scholarly literature about higher education philanthropy and provides information for institutional leaders to benchmark fundraising trends and prepare for the future.
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