{"title":"造成矿山风险的地质力学因素分类","authors":"","doi":"10.15407/geotm2021.158.131","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The subject of research presented in the article is geomechanical processes that create risks in the underground mining of minerals for the extraction of solid minerals. The aim of the work is to analyze the geomechanical factors that create risks in the construction and operation of underground workings in complex mining and geological conditions, development and classification according to the degree of impact on the safety of mining. In the paper, the methodological approach is used, which is recommended recommended by regulations widely used in a number of highly developed countries, in particular, the British standard \"OHSAS 18001\", which implements the current risk assessment and continuous correction of actions in accordance with the Schuhart - Deming PDCA cycle, as well as national standard DSTU IEC / ISO 31010: 2013 developed on the analysis of the european experience. Based on our own experience, a number of the most well-known geomechanical factors that create risks during the construction and operation of mine workings have been identified. Among them: depth of mining, geometric parameters of underground working, rock pressure, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, service life of underground working, type of support, hydrogeological structure of the massif, susceptibility to dynamic and gas-dynamic phenomena, stress-strain state of the massif, etc. These factors were classified according to the degree of risk. The factors are indicated, which require constant monitoring and development of special measures and their implementation in the production process in a limited period of time. The factors are separately highlighted, which affect the safety and economic performance of mining enterprises, but belong to the categories of \"moderate\" or \"insignificant\", and therefore require periodic monitoring and evaluation with further development of planned measures to eliminate or reduce them. Purpose of the work is to improve safety of miners. This technique is universal. It can be used to assess the operational reliability of engineering facilities under the significant influence of unstable factors of natural origin.","PeriodicalId":222378,"journal":{"name":"Geo-Technical Mechanics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Classification of geomechanical factors that create risks in mines\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.15407/geotm2021.158.131\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The subject of research presented in the article is geomechanical processes that create risks in the underground mining of minerals for the extraction of solid minerals. The aim of the work is to analyze the geomechanical factors that create risks in the construction and operation of underground workings in complex mining and geological conditions, development and classification according to the degree of impact on the safety of mining. In the paper, the methodological approach is used, which is recommended recommended by regulations widely used in a number of highly developed countries, in particular, the British standard \\\"OHSAS 18001\\\", which implements the current risk assessment and continuous correction of actions in accordance with the Schuhart - Deming PDCA cycle, as well as national standard DSTU IEC / ISO 31010: 2013 developed on the analysis of the european experience. Based on our own experience, a number of the most well-known geomechanical factors that create risks during the construction and operation of mine workings have been identified. Among them: depth of mining, geometric parameters of underground working, rock pressure, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, service life of underground working, type of support, hydrogeological structure of the massif, susceptibility to dynamic and gas-dynamic phenomena, stress-strain state of the massif, etc. These factors were classified according to the degree of risk. The factors are indicated, which require constant monitoring and development of special measures and their implementation in the production process in a limited period of time. The factors are separately highlighted, which affect the safety and economic performance of mining enterprises, but belong to the categories of \\\"moderate\\\" or \\\"insignificant\\\", and therefore require periodic monitoring and evaluation with further development of planned measures to eliminate or reduce them. Purpose of the work is to improve safety of miners. This technique is universal. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
本文提出的研究主题是在地下开采固体矿物时产生风险的地质力学过程。本工作的目的是分析复杂矿山和地质条件下地下工程建设和运行中产生风险的地质力学因素,并根据其对矿山安全的影响程度进行发展和分类。本文采用了方法学方法,这是许多高度发达国家广泛使用的法规推荐的方法,特别是英国标准“OHSAS 18001”,该标准按照Schuhart - Deming PDCA循环实施当前风险评估和持续纠正措施,以及在分析欧洲经验的基础上制定的国家标准DSTU IEC / ISO 31010: 2013。根据我们自己的经验,已经确定了一些最著名的地质力学因素,这些因素在矿山施工和运营过程中会产生风险。其中:开采深度、井下作业几何参数、岩石压力、岩石物理力学性质、井下作业寿命、支护类型、岩体水文地质结构、对动力和气动力现象的敏感性、岩体应力-应变状态等。这些因素根据风险程度进行分类。指出了这些因素,这些因素需要不断监测和制定特殊措施,并在有限的时间内在生产过程中实施。将影响矿山企业安全和经济效益的因素分别突出,但属于“中等”或“微不足道”类别,因此需要定期监测和评价,并进一步制定有计划的措施来消除或减少这些因素。这项工作的目的是为了提高矿工的安全。这种方法是通用的。该方法可用于评价自然成因不稳定因素显著影响下的工程设施运行可靠性。
Classification of geomechanical factors that create risks in mines
The subject of research presented in the article is geomechanical processes that create risks in the underground mining of minerals for the extraction of solid minerals. The aim of the work is to analyze the geomechanical factors that create risks in the construction and operation of underground workings in complex mining and geological conditions, development and classification according to the degree of impact on the safety of mining. In the paper, the methodological approach is used, which is recommended recommended by regulations widely used in a number of highly developed countries, in particular, the British standard "OHSAS 18001", which implements the current risk assessment and continuous correction of actions in accordance with the Schuhart - Deming PDCA cycle, as well as national standard DSTU IEC / ISO 31010: 2013 developed on the analysis of the european experience. Based on our own experience, a number of the most well-known geomechanical factors that create risks during the construction and operation of mine workings have been identified. Among them: depth of mining, geometric parameters of underground working, rock pressure, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, service life of underground working, type of support, hydrogeological structure of the massif, susceptibility to dynamic and gas-dynamic phenomena, stress-strain state of the massif, etc. These factors were classified according to the degree of risk. The factors are indicated, which require constant monitoring and development of special measures and their implementation in the production process in a limited period of time. The factors are separately highlighted, which affect the safety and economic performance of mining enterprises, but belong to the categories of "moderate" or "insignificant", and therefore require periodic monitoring and evaluation with further development of planned measures to eliminate or reduce them. Purpose of the work is to improve safety of miners. This technique is universal. It can be used to assess the operational reliability of engineering facilities under the significant influence of unstable factors of natural origin.