超自然生物与“歌舞”:凯尔特和斯拉夫范例

Dean A. Miller
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摘要

人类特有的“文化”活动——歌舞,往往延伸或归因于与人类相邻或干预其活动的超自然世界。民间传说中描述的凯尔特人超自然生物(苏格兰精灵、女巫或selkies)。爱尔兰síth,布列塔尼korrigan,康沃尔Spriggans等)可能会以各种战术方式和模式使用歌曲(很少使用舞蹈):装饰他们自己的“平行”(但他者)文化领域,庆祝和展示这个领域的优越他者性,引诱人类进入他们的力量(通常在这个过程中打破“人类”的时间和空间界限)或出于其他原因。东部和南部斯拉夫的超自然生物(俄罗斯的rusalka,塞尔维亚的vile和其他)表现出一些类似的特征,尽管别墅本身有不同的形式(这可能与dumsamuzilian的功能有关)——这里似乎有一些萨满教的模式。最后,在这两种情况下,超自然生物都被描述为与人类分离——但随后“歌声和舞蹈”又把他们带回了人类的领域。他们的行为和意图可能是善意的,也可能是恶意的,但所显示的是想象中的他者的力量,我们确实可以在两个印欧语系(凯尔特语和斯拉夫语)的文化语言区域中找到有价值的比较。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Supernatural Beings and 'Song and Dance': Celtic and Slavic Exemplars
The specifically human “cultural” activities of song and dance are often extended or attributed to the supernatural world that abuts on the human, or intervenes in its activities.  Celtic supernatural beings described in folktale (Scottish elves, witches or ‘selkies.’ Irish síth, Breton korrigan, Cornish Spriggans and so on) may use song (and less often, dance) in various tactical ways and modes:  to decorate their own ‘parallel’ (but Other) cultural realm, to celebrate and show the superior Otherness of this realm, to lure humans into their power (often breaking the boundaries of ‘human’ time and space in the process) or for other reasons.  Eastern and South Slavic supernatural beings (Russian rusalka, Serbian vile and others) show some similar characteristics, though the vila herself has variant forms (which can be related to the Dumézilian fonctions) – and some shamanistic modes seem possible here.  In the end, in both contexts supernatural beings are described as separated from humankind – but then ‘song and dance’ brings them back into the human realm again.  Their acts and intentions may be benignant or malignant, but what is shown is the imagined power of the Other, and we can indeed find valuable comparanda in the two Indo-European (Celtic and Slavic) cultural-linguistic areas.
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