HIV: primary infection

Primary HIV infection (PHI) is usually defined as the first 6 months of infection, from the time of initial infection until viral replication establishes a balance with the immune system. Seroconversion occurs during this time, which may be asymptomatic or present with non-specific viral symptoms, and rarely severe hepatitis or neurological symptoms. This chapter describes the immune responses during this period and clinical features of acute seroconversion illness including common differential diagnoses. Details of how to diagnose PHI and management recommendations are included. There are many benefits to diagnosing PHI, including better prognosis to the patient and reducing onwards transmission.