Smoking and respiratory allergic diseases

The review presents a modern view on the problem of the impact of smoking on allergic respiratory diseases. Smoking is known to be a significant risk factor for asthma. Currently, it is of scientific interest to study the effect of smoking on allergic rhinitis and sensitization to allergens. Tobacco smoke affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, contributing to a change in structure and dysfunction, and when exposed to allergens simultaneously, it can increase the activation of the Th2-immune response, increase the production of IgE, which may contribute to the development of allergic diseases. In recent years, e-cigarette smoking has become especially popular. The aerosol components of electronic cigarettes are characterized by irritant properties and inhalation toxicity. Smoking electronic cigarettes, like smoking traditional cigarettes, can affect the immunity of the respiratory mucosa, including the functions of epithelial cells, macrophages and neutrophils. The article presents conflicting data on the effect of smoking on sensitization to allergens. Tobacco smoke is a known trigger and exposure to it increases the risk of developing new cases of asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis. The influence of smoking on the development and clinical course of allergic pathology requires further study.