加拿大的石油和天然气公司在世界上的什么地方?项目介绍

Niloo Hojjati, Kai Horsfield, Shantel Jordison
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Begun in 2011 as an internal research tool for the development of the Extractive Resource Governance Program, this project was conceived as a means to identify jurisdictions where Canadian companies had ongoing projects and activities around the world. This paper introduces the methodology used to answer the question: Where in the world are Canadian oil and gas companies? To answer this question, firm-level data from publicly traded Canadian companies were collected and analyzed culminating in the development of an online tool for public use. This paper accompanies an interactive website launched by The School’s Extractive Resource Governance Program and describes the data available online as well as in the annual reports released by The school. The website and annual reports allow interested users to geographically locate jurisdictions around the world where publicly traded Canadian oil and gas companies have activities, over time. 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引用次数: 1

摘要

2013年4月,公共政策学院正式启动了采掘资源治理项目,这是一个利用加拿大和国际研究和技术专长来帮助资源丰富的司法管辖区建立可持续和互利的采掘部门治理政策的平台。该项目与政府、监管机构、学术界、民间社会和产业界合作,向拥有新兴或成熟采掘资源的国家提供应用政策研究、技术援助和高管培训项目。该项目始于2011年,作为采掘资源治理计划发展的内部研究工具,旨在确定加拿大公司在全球范围内正在进行的项目和活动的司法管辖区。本文介绍了用于回答以下问题的方法:加拿大的石油和天然气公司在世界上的什么地方?为了回答这个问题,我们收集并分析了加拿大上市公司的公司数据,最终开发了一个供公众使用的在线工具。这篇论文与学院的采掘资源治理项目推出的互动网站一起发布,描述了在线数据以及学院发布的年度报告。随着时间的推移,该网站和年度报告允许感兴趣的用户在全球范围内找到公开交易的加拿大石油和天然气公司有活动的司法管辖区。该网站的网址是http://www.policyschool.ca/research-teaching/teachingtraining/extractive-resource-governance/ergp-map/。虽然加拿大在其境内拥有公认的石油和天然气管辖权,但加拿大公司在国际舞台上的活动程度却鲜为人知。例如,虽然加拿大自然资源部定期收集和发布加拿大矿业资产和海外活动的数据,但它并不收集石油和天然气部门的数据。加拿大统计局收集有关加拿大在能源领域的海外直接投资(CDIA)1的信息,但为了回答本文提出的问题,这些数字可能会有些误导,因为CDIA数据仅跟踪加拿大投资的第一个目的地,而不是投资的最终目的地(通常可能不同)石油和天然气公司(和其他公司一样)经常使用国际金融中心来开展业务运营,作为其全球价值链的一部分。在寻求确定有关投资最终目的地的特定行业数据时,这可能会产生问题。例如,使用CDIA统计数据的挑战之一是所谓的避税天堂国家的存在,如巴巴多斯和开曼群岛。避税天堂国家是低税率的司法管辖区,是通往全球经济的通道虽然加拿大公司的资本投资最初可以到达一个避税天堂国家,但通常投资最终会流向第三市场目的地,例如拉丁美洲或美国。3使用避税天堂国家作为融资海外投资的渠道扭曲了CDIA统计数据,使其难以使用这些数据来确定加拿大石油和天然气公司在全球的存在。本文全面概述了世界在哪里(以下简称WIW)项目数据收集中使用的方法。首先介绍了在WIW项目背景下加拿大石油和天然气公司(O&G)的定义,然后描述了分析中考虑的O&G公司的类型。它还描述了用于提取财务和运营统计数据的数据源,并概述了用于确定加拿大公司在国外的油气活动范围的各种类型的数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Where in the World are Canadian Oil and Gas Companies? An Introduction to the Project
In April 2013, The School of Public Policy formally launched the Extractive Resource Governance Program, a platform to harness Canadian and international research and technical expertise to assist resource-rich jurisdictions in establishing sustainable and mutually beneficial policies for governance of the extractive sector. The program delivers applied policy research, technical assistance and executive training programs to countries with emerging or established extractive resources, working in collaboration with governments, regulatory bodies, academia, civil society, and industry. Begun in 2011 as an internal research tool for the development of the Extractive Resource Governance Program, this project was conceived as a means to identify jurisdictions where Canadian companies had ongoing projects and activities around the world. This paper introduces the methodology used to answer the question: Where in the world are Canadian oil and gas companies? To answer this question, firm-level data from publicly traded Canadian companies were collected and analyzed culminating in the development of an online tool for public use. This paper accompanies an interactive website launched by The School’s Extractive Resource Governance Program and describes the data available online as well as in the annual reports released by The school. The website and annual reports allow interested users to geographically locate jurisdictions around the world where publicly traded Canadian oil and gas companies have activities, over time. The website is available at http://www.policyschool.ca/research-teaching/teachingtraining/extractive-resource-governance/ergp-map/. While Canada is a well-recognized oil and gas jurisdiction within its own borders, the extent of activity that Canadian companies undertake in the international arena is less well known. For instance, while Natural Resources Canada collects and publishes regular data on Canadian mining assets and activities abroad, it does not do so for the oil and gas sector. Statistics Canada collects information about Canadian direct investment abroad (CDIA)1 in the energy sector, but for the purpose of answering the question posed in this paper, these numbers can be somewhat misleading, as CDIA data solely tracks the first destination of Canadian investment rather than the final destination of investment (which can often be different).2 Frequently, oil and gas companies (like others) use international financial centres to conduct their business operations as part of their global value chain. This can prove problematic when seeking to identify sector-specific data on the final destination of investment. For instance, one of the challenges in using CDIA statistics is the existence of so-called tax-haven countries such as Barbados and the Cayman Islands. Tax-haven countries are low-tax jurisdictions that serve as conduits to the global economy.3 While the capital investment of a Canadian company can initially arrive in a tax-haven country, frequently the investment is ultimately bound for a third-market destination, for instance one in Latin America or the United States.3 The use of tax-haven countries as conduits in financing outbound investments distorts CDIA statistics, making it difficult to use these data to determine the presence of Canadian oil and gas companies around the globe. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the methodology used in the collection of data for the Where in the World (hereafter WIW) project. It begins by presenting the definition of a Canadian oil and gas company (O&G) within the context of the WIW project, followed by a description of the types of O&G companies considered in the analysis. It also provides a description of the data sources used in the extraction of financial and operating statistics, and outlines the various types of data used to determine the scope of O&G activities of Canadians companies abroad.
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