俄罗斯围产期和婴儿死亡率的现状

Nurova A.A., Mirzoeva R.K., Berdysh D.S.
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要围产期医疗改善了世界各国新生儿的健康状况,降低了围产期死亡率。围产期死亡率的水平和结构是人口的主要人口指标之一。降低婴儿死亡率的问题始终具有现实意义。出生率每年都在显著增长。由于该国出生率的增加,围产期中心正在得到改善,能够在短时间内迅速、有效地提供合格的医疗服务。围产期死亡率的指标取决于许多因素:首先是父母的健康状况、生活条件和生活方式。第二,围产期死亡率取决于人口的社会经济条件、医疗能力水平以及医务人员对病人的态度。本文揭示了围产期和婴儿死亡的主要原因,显示了系统差距对孕妇治疗和护理的负面影响。围产期死亡的主要因素是早产、宫内感染、先天性畸形、孕妇对自身健康和孩子健康的忽视态度。不利的围产期结局的一个重要部分是由早产决定的。承受不足的主要原因之一是该国的社会经济条件。因此,在经济不同的国家,早产率高达5%,在非洲国家高达15%。产妇感染、激素紊乱、怀孕期间的外阴疾病也是影响早产的因素。结果发现,早产婴儿的宫内感染率高达70%。根据尸检结果,子宫内感染是37.5%的主要死亡原因。提供高质量、及时和高科技的护理、医务工作者的专业发展、医疗设备的现代化、持续监测妊娠过程、及早发现异常情况是降低围产期和婴儿死亡率以及稳定人口状况的优先领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE CURRENT SITUATION OF PERINATAL AND INFANT MORTALITY IN RUSSIA
Abstract. Perinatal medicine has caused an improvement in the health of newborns, as well as a decrease in the perinatal mortality rate in all countries of the world. The level and structure of perinatal mortality is one of the main demographic indicators of the population. The problem of reducing the infant mortality rate always remains relevant. The birth rate is noticeably increasing every year. Due to the increase in the birth rate in the country, perinatal centers are being improved, which are able to provide qualified medical care quickly, efficiently and in a short time. The indicator of perinatal mortality depends on many factors: firstly, it is the health of parents, their living conditions and lifestyle. Secondly, the perinatal mortality rate depends on the socio-economic conditions of the population, the level of medical capacity, as well as the patient orientation of medical personnel. This article reveals the main causes of perinatal and infant mortality, shows the negative impact of system gaps in the treatment and care of pregnant women. The main factors of perinatal mortality are premature birth, intrauterine infections, congenital malformations, negligent attitude of pregnant women to their health and the health of their child. A significant part of unfavorable perinatal outcomes is determined by premature birth. One of the main reasons for under-bearing is the socio-economic conditions of the country. Thus, in economically different countries, the rate of premature birth ranges up to 5%, in African countries up to 15%. Maternal infections, hormonal disorders, extragenital diseases during pregnancy are also factors affecting premature birth. It turned out that intrauterine infections reach up to 70% among premature babies. According to autopsy results in 37.5%, intrauterine infection was the main cause of death. The provision of high-quality, timely and high-tech care, professional development of medical workers, modernization of medical equipment, constant monitoring of the course of pregnancy, early detection of abnormalities are priority areas that underlie the reduction of perinatal and infant mortality and stabilization of the demographic situation.
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