保险公司破产时发达国家储蓄保险机构的保险支付案例研究(A Case Study on Payment of Deposit Insurance in Insurance Company Failures: Focusing on Advanced Countries)

Keun-Ock Lew
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Korean Abstract:本研究的目的是对美国、日本及欧洲等发达国家储蓄保险机关对破产的保险公司支付存款保险金的事例进行分析和整理,得出对国内储蓄保险合理运营有帮助的启示。如果研究发达国家的破产整理方法,一般的清算方式是使用损害保险公司,而合同转移方式是使用生命保险公司。但是在国内,损害保险公司也像生命保险公司一样,销售较多的长期保险,因此得出了优先保护根据合约转移方式的消费者权益的结论。但是,为了减少投保人在合同转移方式上的道德败坏现象,应该像日本和英国一样,在保险公司破产时,通过削减投保人准备金、下调预定利率等方式分担损失。同时,在发达国家,保险公司破产和存款保险金支付大型化的原因是保险公司盲目追求外形增长、风险管理疏忽等,因此提议像德国一样,在保险圈内也实施各公司风险标准差别费率制。但是对保险圈域的这种制度改善,与银行等其他金融圈相比,有可能会发生规制损失,因此应该以领域间均衡的改善为前提。另一方面,从美国的破产清理过程中可以看出,有关未申报准备金(IBNR),再保险及责任保险的复杂诉讼多,由此引起的资金消耗大,国内也需要对相关规定进行事前整顿。english abstract:The study examines cases of payment for insured of insolvent insurers by Insurance Guarantee Schemes in advanced countries including The u.s., Japanand some EU member countries to see what valuable implications they may have for the efficient operation of the Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation (KDIC)。The first finding is that defaulted non-life insurers are generally liquidated by discontinuing insurance contracts and paying insurance benefits or refunding unearned premiums to The insured whereaslife insurer failures are usually handled by transferring insurance policies to another insurer。Nevertheless, since non-life insurers in Korea also sell long-term insurance products as life insurers do,it would be desirable if insolvent domestic non-life insurers would be cleaned out by transferring all policies to another sound insurer。However, this paper recommends that some measures should be put in place to reduce moral hazard which will increase with the adoption of contract transfer。By emulating Japanese and UK casesa plan might need to be developed to reduce policy reserves and/or assumed interest rates to distribute losses incurred by an insurer's default between KDIC and policy holders。Such a co-sharing plan should be applied to all financial sectors including insurance and banking to remove a regulatory arbitrage gain or lossIn addition, this paper recommends introducing a risk-based deposit insurance premium system, similar to that of Germany;to reduce moral hazard of insurers who would otherwise attempt to pursue external growth imprudently and take too much risk in their business。In advanced countries, most insolvencies of insurers were found to have resulted from reckless management without properly managing risk which, In turn, led to huge losses。on the other hand,this paper suggests that KDIC should check and streamline insurance-related regulations in advance to avoid unnecessary legal conflicts with various stakeholders of insolvent insurers in handling IBNRreserves, reinsurance payments, and long-term development of losses in liability insurances。The more legal conflicts there are, The higher expenses will be, which will cause more serious erosion to The net worth of The insolvent insurer。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
보험회사 파산시 선진국 예금보험기관의 보험금지급 사례 연구 (A Case Study on Payment of Deposit Insurance in Insurance Company Failures: Focusing on Advanced Countries)
Korean Abstract: 본 연구의 목적은 미국 일본 및 유럽 등 선진국 예금보험기관이 파산한 보험회사에 대하여 예금보험금을 지급한 사례를 분석하고 정리함으로써 국내 예금보험의 합리적인 운영에 도움을 줄 수 있는 시사점을 도출하는데 있다. 선진국의 파산정리 방법을 검토해 보면 청산방식은 손해보험사에 그리고 계약이전 방식은 생명보험사 사용하는 것이 일반적인 사례이다. 그러나 국내에서는 손해보험사도 생명보험사처럼 장기보험을 많이 판매하므로 계약이전 방식에 의한 소비자 권익보호가 우선해야한다는 결론을 내렸다. 그러나 계약이전 방식에서 오는 보험계약자의 도덕적 해이를 줄이기 위해서는 일본이나 영국과 같이 보험회사 파산시 계약자준비금 삭감, 예정이율 인하 등을 통하여 손실 분담을 하도록 하는 것이 타당하다는 판단이다. 아울러 선진국의 경우에도 보험사의 파산과 예금보험금 지급이 대형화되는 이유가 보험사의 무분별한 외형성장추구, 리스크관리 소홀 등에 있으므로 독일의 경우처럼 보험권역 내에서도 회사별 리스크 기준 차등요율제의 실시를 제안하였다. 그러나 보험권역에 대한 이러한 제도개선이 은행 등 타 금융권역과 비교하여 규제차손이 발생할 수 있으므로 영역 간 균형 있는 개선이 전제되어야 한다. 다른 한편 미국의 파산정리 과정에서 보듯이 기발생미보고준비금(IBNR), 재보험 및 책임보험과 관련하여 복잡한 소송이 많이 발생하고 그로 인한 자금소모가 크므로 국내에서도 관련 규정의 사전정비가 요구된다.

English Abstract: The study examines cases of payment for the insured of insolvent insurers by Insurance Guarantee Schemes in advanced countries including the U.S., Japan, and some EU member countries to see what valuable implications they may have for the efficient operation of the Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation (KDIC). The first finding is that defaulted non-life insurers are generally liquidated by discontinuing insurance contracts and paying insurance benefits or refunding unearned premiums to the insured whereas life insurer failures are usually handled by transferring insurance policies to another insurer. Nevertheless, since non-life insurers in Korea also sell long-term insurance products as life insurers do, it would be desirable if insolvent domestic non-life insurers would be cleaned out by transferring all policies to another sound insurer. However, this paper recommends that some measures should be put in place to reduce moral hazard which will increase with the adoption of contract transfer. By emulating Japanese and UK cases, a plan might need to be developed to reduce policy reserves and/or assumed interest rates to distribute losses incurred by an insurer's default between KDIC and policy holders. Such a co-sharing plan should be applied to all financial sectors including insurance and banking to remove a regulatory arbitrage gain or loss. In addition, this paper recommends introducing a risk-based deposit insurance premium system, similar to that of Germany, to reduce moral hazard of insurers who would otherwise attempt to pursue external growth imprudently and take too much risk in their business. In advanced countries, most insolvencies of insurers were found to have resulted from reckless management without properly managing risk which, in turn, led to huge losses. On the other hand, this paper suggests that KDIC should check and streamline insurance-related regulations in advance to avoid unnecessary legal conflicts with various stakeholders of insolvent insurers in handling IBNR reserves, reinsurance payments, and long-term development of losses in liability insurances. The more legal conflicts there are, the higher expenses will be, which will cause more serious erosion to the net worth of the insolvent insurer.
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