Nyai Ontosoroh’s Feminism Movement Against Dutch Colonialism in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s “Bumi Manusia” Novel’s Movie Adaptation

. This paper discusses about the character of Nyai Ontosoroh from Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s “Bumi Manusia” (The Earth of Mankind). She is one of the feminist icons in Indonesian literature, and just recently gains more fame through the novel’s movie adaptation which was released in theaters last August. Concubinage was very common when Dutch colonialists ruled East Indie (Sugihastuti-Saptiawan, 2007: 116). Indigenous women were made mistresses for Dutch men and faced both racial and gender discrimination. Through Nyai Ontosoroh, the late writer described how horrible the practice of concubinage was at the early 20th century. This paper aims to dig deeper into her character through descriptive qualitative method. This paper will be the analysis of how Nyai Ontosoroh fights for her equal rights in front of Dutch racist and sexist laws, and also how she tries to change the mindset of indigenous people of that time who degraded courtesans like her, who were considered as low as prostitutes. logic development. This characterization is a reflection of Wollstonecraft’s feminism thoughts