6至14岁马其顿学龄儿童身体健康的决定因素:成熟状态和无脂肪质量

Nertila Kusari, Zenel Metaj, Nazim Myrtaj, G. Georgiev, S. Gontarev
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引用次数: 1

摘要

研究的目的。研究目的是确定无脂量、实足年龄和成熟状态是否为体质的决定因素,分析6 ~ 14岁学龄儿童无脂量和体质随实足年龄和成熟状态的发展变化。材料和方法。这项研究对9106名6至14岁的学生进行了抽样调查。为了达到研究目的,测量了以下变量:身高、体重、坐高、脂肪量、无脂肪量以及体能的各个组成部分(下肢爆发力、握力、腹肌重复力量、速度和敏捷性)。用公式计算了体重和生理成熟指数(APHV)。男孩的峰值高度速度年龄为13.00±0.82,女孩的峰值高度速度年龄为11.57±0.68。男孩实足年龄、峰值高度速度年龄与无脂质量的关系r=0.82 ~ 0.94,女孩r=0.83 ~ 0.92。男孩无脂质量与体能测试的关系为:立定跳远(r=0.55)、30秒仰卧起坐(r=0.37)、握力(r=0.75)和4 × 10米梭子跑(r=-0.40);而在女子项目中,立定跳远(r= 0.45)、30秒仰卧起坐(r= 0.36)、握力(r= 0.74)和10米短跑(r= -0.43)。在与生理成熟(APHV)和年龄的关系进行比较时,无脂质量和体质测试的差异更为突出。根据所得结果,可以得出成熟状态和无脂质量决定了男女学童的体能表现。同时,在体育教学中,应将峰值身高速度年龄作为儿童和青少年体育表现监测、分级和分类的工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Maturity Status and Fat-Free Masses as Determinants of Physical Fitness Among Macedonian Schoolchildren aged 6 to 14
Study purpose. The research goal was to establish if the fat-free mass, chronological age and maturity status are determinants of physical fitness, and to analyze the development changes of fat-free mass and physical fitness in concordance with chronological age and maturity status in schoolchildren aged 6 to 14. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 9106 students aged 6 to 14 years. In order to reach the research goals, the following variables were measured: height, weight, sitting height, fat mass, fat-free mass and various components of the physical fitness (lower limbs explosive strength, handgrip strength, abdominal muscle repetitive strength, speed and agility). The values of body mass and biological maturation indexes (APHV) were obtained by using formulas. Results. The boys’ age at peak height velocity was estimated at 13.00±0.82, and the girls’ one at 11.57±0.68. The relationships between chronological age and age at peak height velocity with fat-free mass was r=0.82 to 0.94 in the boys and r=0.83 to 0.92 in the girls. The relationships between fat-free mass and physical fitness tests in the boys were: standing long jump (r=0.55), 30 sec sit-ups (r=0.37), handgrip strength (r=0.75) and shuttle run 4 х 10 meters (r=-0.40); and in the girls – standing long jump (r= 0.45), 30 sec sit-ups (r= 0.36), handgrip strength (r= 0.74) and shuttle run 4 х 10 meters (r= -0.43). The differences in fat-free mass and physical fitness tests were more prominent when the comparison was done with relation to the biological maturation (APHV) and chronologic age. Conclusions. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that maturity status and fat-free mass determinate the physical fitness performances in the schoolchildren of both genders. Also, the age at peak height velocity should be used in Physical Education as a tool of monitoring, ranging and classification of physical performances in children and adolescents.
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