Enitan S. S, Uduchukwu O. E, Gotep J, Effiong E. J, Ileoma E. O, Mensah-Agyei G. O, Adetiloro E. O, Adekunbi O. A, Odigie J. O, Adetola A. O
{"title":"gbobonise Epa Ijebu中药对泌尿系病原菌的微生物质量及疗效评价","authors":"Enitan S. S, Uduchukwu O. E, Gotep J, Effiong E. J, Ileoma E. O, Mensah-Agyei G. O, Adetiloro E. O, Adekunbi O. A, Odigie J. O, Adetola A. O","doi":"10.36348/sijtcm.2022.v05i01.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu is a commercially sold native concoction in South-West, Nigeria, with the potential of curing many ailments as claimed by the manufacturer and vendors. This study investigated the antimicrobial quality and efficacy of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 samples of the herbal remedy were purchased from local vendors in Ilishan-Remo Community of Ogun State, Nigeria and were assessed for their microbiological quality using standard microbiological methods. Also, the efficacy of the herbal remedy was tested against some selected uropathogens using the Punch-hole agar diffusion method. Data generated were analyzed using the Instant GraphPad software package and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The outcome of the study shows that half (50%) of the herbal remedy samples examined were sterile, while the other half (50%) were contaminated with a microbial count of <10 CFU/mL. The microbial isolates recovered from the herbal remedy include: Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (75%) and Microsporium spp (16.7%). Assessment of the antimicrobial potential of the herbal remedy show that the test herbal remedy had strong inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (17±0.6 mm), Escherichia coli (16.3±0.3 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.3±0.3 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15±0.6 mm) and Proteus mirabilis (14±0.8 mm), except Candida albican, at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. The combined herbal solution and standard drug gave higher zone diameter of inhibition: Klebsiella pneumoniae (25±0.6 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24±0.6 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (23.7±0.3 mm), Escherichia coli (23.3±0.3 mm) and Candida albican (15±0.6mm), except Proteus mirabilis. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) of the herbal remedy for all the test isolates (except Candida albican) was 100mg/mL and 200mg/mL, respectively. The result of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and tannins, while steroids and resins were absent. Conclusion: The outcome of this study further strengthens the claim of efficacy made by the manufacturer and vendors of the herbal remedy. However, more attention should be given to quality preparations, packaging and storage in view of the general safety of the consumers.","PeriodicalId":244854,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessment of Microbiological Quality and Efficacy of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu Herbal Remedy on Some Uropathogens\",\"authors\":\"Enitan S. S, Uduchukwu O. E, Gotep J, Effiong E. J, Ileoma E. O, Mensah-Agyei G. O, Adetiloro E. O, Adekunbi O. A, Odigie J. O, Adetola A. O\",\"doi\":\"10.36348/sijtcm.2022.v05i01.002\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Background: Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu is a commercially sold native concoction in South-West, Nigeria, with the potential of curing many ailments as claimed by the manufacturer and vendors. This study investigated the antimicrobial quality and efficacy of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 samples of the herbal remedy were purchased from local vendors in Ilishan-Remo Community of Ogun State, Nigeria and were assessed for their microbiological quality using standard microbiological methods. Also, the efficacy of the herbal remedy was tested against some selected uropathogens using the Punch-hole agar diffusion method. Data generated were analyzed using the Instant GraphPad software package and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The outcome of the study shows that half (50%) of the herbal remedy samples examined were sterile, while the other half (50%) were contaminated with a microbial count of <10 CFU/mL. The microbial isolates recovered from the herbal remedy include: Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (75%) and Microsporium spp (16.7%). Assessment of the antimicrobial potential of the herbal remedy show that the test herbal remedy had strong inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (17±0.6 mm), Escherichia coli (16.3±0.3 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.3±0.3 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15±0.6 mm) and Proteus mirabilis (14±0.8 mm), except Candida albican, at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. The combined herbal solution and standard drug gave higher zone diameter of inhibition: Klebsiella pneumoniae (25±0.6 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24±0.6 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (23.7±0.3 mm), Escherichia coli (23.3±0.3 mm) and Candida albican (15±0.6mm), except Proteus mirabilis. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) of the herbal remedy for all the test isolates (except Candida albican) was 100mg/mL and 200mg/mL, respectively. The result of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and tannins, while steroids and resins were absent. Conclusion: The outcome of this study further strengthens the claim of efficacy made by the manufacturer and vendors of the herbal remedy. 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Assessment of Microbiological Quality and Efficacy of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu Herbal Remedy on Some Uropathogens
Background: Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu is a commercially sold native concoction in South-West, Nigeria, with the potential of curing many ailments as claimed by the manufacturer and vendors. This study investigated the antimicrobial quality and efficacy of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 samples of the herbal remedy were purchased from local vendors in Ilishan-Remo Community of Ogun State, Nigeria and were assessed for their microbiological quality using standard microbiological methods. Also, the efficacy of the herbal remedy was tested against some selected uropathogens using the Punch-hole agar diffusion method. Data generated were analyzed using the Instant GraphPad software package and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The outcome of the study shows that half (50%) of the herbal remedy samples examined were sterile, while the other half (50%) were contaminated with a microbial count of <10 CFU/mL. The microbial isolates recovered from the herbal remedy include: Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (75%) and Microsporium spp (16.7%). Assessment of the antimicrobial potential of the herbal remedy show that the test herbal remedy had strong inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (17±0.6 mm), Escherichia coli (16.3±0.3 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.3±0.3 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15±0.6 mm) and Proteus mirabilis (14±0.8 mm), except Candida albican, at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. The combined herbal solution and standard drug gave higher zone diameter of inhibition: Klebsiella pneumoniae (25±0.6 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24±0.6 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (23.7±0.3 mm), Escherichia coli (23.3±0.3 mm) and Candida albican (15±0.6mm), except Proteus mirabilis. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) of the herbal remedy for all the test isolates (except Candida albican) was 100mg/mL and 200mg/mL, respectively. The result of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and tannins, while steroids and resins were absent. Conclusion: The outcome of this study further strengthens the claim of efficacy made by the manufacturer and vendors of the herbal remedy. However, more attention should be given to quality preparations, packaging and storage in view of the general safety of the consumers.