Review and update for central serous chorioretinopathy

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by the accumulation of subretinal fluid (SRF) at the posterior pole of the retina, which leads to mild to moderate visual disturbance [1]. It was first described as central recurrent retinitis by Albrecht von Graefe in 1866 [2]. In 1965, Maumenee found that macular serous detachment was due to an abnormal leak from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) through fluorescein angiography (FA) [3] and thereafter, Gass used the term “central serous chorioretinopathy” for the first time [4]. CSC is the fourth most common macular disease following agerelated macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion, but it is an important clinical issue due to its common incidence seen in the productive age group (young and middle-aged adults) [5]. CSC is an old and well-known disease, however, the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. With the recent introduction of advanced imaging techniques, more improved understanding of CSC is possible and subsequently, better treatment modalities have also been suggested. This article describes a general overview and recent clinical issues of CSC.