卡拉语中的性别/确定性和数量

Alemgena Belete
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在研究喀拉语的名词词形变化对性别/确定性和数量的影响。大约有1000人说这种语言。本研究的数据收集使用交际事件和启发。卡拉名词区分性别/确定性和数量。卡拉对动画有双向的性别区分:男性和女性,这是语义上的动机。一些无生命的卡拉语名词默认为阴性,一些默认为阳性。默认为阴性的无生命名词有时会用阳性标记来表示较小或不太重要。相反,默认为阳性的无生命名词可能会使用阴性标记来表示较大或更重要。卡拉语名词的一个引人注目的特点是它用女性性来表达增强价值,而用男性性来表达微小的语义价值。阳性和阴性分别用后缀-(t)a和-(to)no来表示。卡拉还使用不同的词汇项来表示女性和男性,这些词汇项或名词特别指的是人类实体。在卡拉语中,性别和确定性标记是混用的;换句话说,性别标记同时标记了性别和确定性。相反,不确定性在形态上是没有标记的。与一般名词不同,特殊的名词形式表现出数字上的区别。单数和复数。有生命的和无生命的名词都用后缀-na或-a来标记复数;然而,奇异数没有形态学标记。此外,修饰语在数量上与其词头一致。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gender/Definiteness and Number in Kara
This paper aims to examine the noun inflection for gender/definiteness and number in the Kara language. which is spoken by approximately 1,000 people. The data for this study were collected using communicative events and elicitation. Kara nouns distinguish gender/definiteness and number. Kara has two-way gender distinctions for animates: the masculine and the feminine, and it is semantically motivated. Some inanimate Kara nouns are feminine by default, and some are masculine by default. The inanimate noun that is feminine by default may sometimes take the masculine gender marker to express smallness or less importance. On the contrary, an inanimate noun that is masculine by default may take the feminine gender marker to refer to largeness or more importance. One of thefascinating features of the Kara nouns is that it uses feminine gender to express augmentative value, but it uses masculine gender to express diminutive semantic value. The masculine and feminine gender are marked by the suffixes -(t)a and -(to)no respectively. Kara also uses different lexical items to denote feminine and masculine gender, and these lexical items or nouns particularly refer to human entities. Gender and definiteness markers are portmanteau in Kara; in other words, the gender markers mark both gender and definiteness simultaneously. Indefiniteness, contrary, is not morphologically marked. Unlike general nouns, the particular noun forms show the number distinction-. singular and plural. Both animate and inanimate nouns use the suffix -na or -a to mark pluralnumbers; however, the singular number is not morphologically marked. Besides, modifiers agree in number with their head.
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