模拟烧伤条件下肺参数形态计量学分析

P. Lykhatskyi, N. Ohinska, I. B. Getmanyuk, Z. Nebesna, S. V. Trach Rosolovska
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摘要

热烧伤是最具创伤性和体力消耗的伤害之一。在许多决定烧伤的因素中,破坏剂的温度和暴露时间之间的关系是重要的。暴露时间和高温决定了损伤的深度。在烧伤过程中,会出现缺氧、血流动力学和代谢紊乱,导致内脏器官的结构和功能发生变化。皮肤烧伤后出现呼吸系统紊乱的方式多种多样:呼吸道的直接热损伤,内源性毒素对肺部的损伤。热暴露后,肺组织的通气性发生重组,通气性增加并合并支气管痉挛现象。肺部出现复杂的形态学变化,包括血管壁及其渗透性的退行性变化,肺泡典型结构的破坏,肺远张和肺不张病灶的出现,炎症反应的迹象,以及在出血部位检测到肺泡巨噬细胞聚集的区域。我们研究的目的是建立实验性皮肤热损伤期间肺形态计量参数的变化。形态学分析结果显示,在实验性皮肤热损伤后的早期阶段(第1、7天),肺结构成分出现重组,表现出适应性和代偿性,以及破坏性变化的迹象。结果表明,从完整组动物的各项指标来看,支气管、淋巴组织面积的平均值均有统计学意义上的显著增加,而呼吸部分未变化的肺组织比例显著降低。结果发现,在实验后期(第14、21天),大鼠呼吸部分各组成部分出现炎症性和硬化性改变,表现为相对于未损伤组,大鼠肺组织的天平均值、肺不张和肺气肿改变的相对面积明显增加。未改变肺组织的相对分数值明显降低,表明器官发生了深度退行性破坏变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Morphometric analysis of lungs parameters under conditions of simulated burn injury
Thermal burns are one of the most traumatic and physically exhausting injuries. Among the many factors that are decisive for a burn injury, the relationship between the temperature of the damaging agent and the duration of exposure is important. The term of exposure and high temperature determine the depth of the lesion. During burns, hypoxic, hemodynamic and metabolic disorders occur, which lead to changes in the structures and functions of internal organs. There are various ways of developing the respiratory system disorders after a burn injury to the skin: direct thermal damage to the respiratory tract, damage to the lungs by toxins of endogenous origin. After thermal exposure, there is a reorganization of the airiness of the lung tissue, its increase and combination with the phenomena of bronchospasm. A complex of morphological changes develops in the lungs, which includes degenerative changes in the walls of blood vessels and their permeability, a violation of the typical structure of the alveoli, the appearance of foci of distelectases and atelectasis, signs of inflammatory reactions, as well as the detection of areas of clusters of alveolar macrophages in places of hemorrhages. The aim of our study was to establish changes in the morphometric parameters of the lungs during experimental thermal injury to the skin. The results of the morphometric analysis showed that in the early stages (1st, 7th days) after experimental thermal injury to the skin, there is a reorganization of the structural components of the lungs with signs of an adaptive and compensatory nature, as well as destructive changes. It was established that the average values of the area of bronchi, lymphoid tissue statistically significantly increased from the indicators of the intact group animals, while the percentage of unchanged lung tissue significantly decreased in the respiratory portion. It was found that in the late stages of the experiment (14th, 21st days), inflammatory and sclerotic changes in the components of the respiratory portion occurred, which were manifested by a significant increase in the average values of dys- and atelectasis and the relative areas of emphysematously changed lung tissue relative to the indicators of the intact group. The values of the relative fractions of unchanged lung tissue were significantly reduced, which indicated deep degenerative-destructive changes in the organ.
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