Symbiosis as a method in architectural morphology in the beginning of the ХХІ century

This article explores the processes of form making, which relate to the design of the overall shape and mass, volume of a building or group of buildings, usually carried out in the early stages of the architectural design process. They involve the creation of physical or digital models that are used to explore different options for forming and iterations of them.  Architects use a number of specific form making techniques, which are divided into types and subtypes according to their building properties. This paper aims to study the concept of building form creation based on biological principles of forming and interaction between certain morphological types: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. The search for forms in architecture is a process of research and identification of the most suitable form for a building or structure, taking into account functional, aesthetic and environmental requirements. It is an iterative process that involves the analysis and synthesis of information from various sources, including context, program requirements. The theory of architectural morphology includes the concepts of commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism as methods of finding form. Biological analogues in architectural form-making reflect the idea of using biological principles and mechanisms to create new methods of design and form-making. One such method is symbiotic architecture, a design concept based on the idea of a mutually beneficial interaction between buildings and their environment. This concept is based on the idea of symbiosis, where different organisms work together and benefit from each other. In the context of formwork, symbiotic architecture can take many forms and manifest itself in different aspects of formwork design. In this work, the main attention is paid to the form-forming aspect of design.