美国宇航局马歇尔太空飞行中心光伏阵列系统的空间环境测试

T. Schneider, J. Vaughn, K. Wright, Brandon S. Phillips
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引用次数: 2

摘要

为了在太空中成功运行光伏(PV)阵列系统,需要规划和测试以考虑空间环境的影响。了解空间环境的相互作用不仅对光伏组件,而且对阵列衬底材料、线束、连接器和保护电路(例如阻断二极管)也至关重要。在光伏系统设计中必须考虑的空间环境的关键因素包括:太阳光子辐射、带电粒子辐射、等离子体和热循环。虽然太阳光子辐射是光伏系统发电的核心,但完整的光谱包括短波长的紫外线成分,它能使材料光解离,以及长波长的红外线成分,它能加热材料。高能电子辐射已被证明会显著降低III-V型光伏电池的输出功率;质子辐射会破坏材料表面——通常会影响到玻璃罩和防反射涂层。等离子体环境影响光伏阵列材料的静电充电,必须了解以确保长时间电弧不会形成并潜在地破坏光伏电池。热循环通过热膨胀和收缩引起的应力影响光伏阵列上的所有组件。考虑到如此苛刻的环境,以及组成光伏阵列系统的结构和材料的复杂性,只有通过实验室的实际测试才能确保任务的成功。美国宇航局马歇尔太空飞行中心开发了一种广泛的空间环境测试能力,使光伏阵列设计师和制造商能够验证其系统的完整性,并避免代价高昂的在轨故障。马歇尔太空飞行中心的测试能力可供政府、商业和大学客户使用。测试解决方案是为满足客户的需求而量身定制的,并且可以包括性能评估,例如光伏电池的闪光测试。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Space environment testing of photovoltaic array systems at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center
To successfully operate a photovoltaic (PV) array system in space requires planning and testing to account for the effects of the space environment. It is critical to understand space environment interactions not only on the PV components, but also the array substrate materials, wiring harnesses, connectors, and protection circuitry (e.g. blocking diodes). Key elements of the space environment which must be accounted for in a PV system design include: Solar Photon Radiation, Charged Particle Radiation, Plasma, and Thermal Cycling. While solar photon radiation is central to generating power in PV systems, the complete spectrum includes short wavelength ultraviolet components, which photo-ionize materials, as well as long wavelength infrared which heat materials. High energy electron radiation has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the output power of III-V type PV cells; and proton radiation damages material surfaces - often impacting coverglasses and antireflective coatings. Plasma environments influence electrostatic charging of PV array materials, and must be understood to ensure that long duration arcs do not form and potentially destroy PV cells. Thermal cycling impacts all components on a PV array by inducing stresses due to thermal expansion and contraction. Given such demanding environments, and the complexity of structures and materials that form a PV array system, mission success can only be ensured through realistic testing in the laboratory. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a broad space environment test capability to allow PV array designers and manufacturers to verify their system's integrity and avoid costly on-orbit failures. The Marshall Space Flight Center test capabilities are available to government, commercial, and university customers. Test solutions are tailored to meet the customer's needs, and can include performance assessments, such as flash testing in the case of PV cells.
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