世界粮食市场:乌克兰的地位和作用

O. Dovgal
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摘要

介绍。文章显示了乌克兰在世界粮食出口结构中所占份额的增加。计算了乌克兰小麦和饲料谷物出口增长率的平均值,领先于类似的世界指标。事实证明,各个国家和地区的粮食供应取决于乌克兰粮食出口量。报告指出,粮食出口增长的积极方面是增加外汇收入,消极方面是损失附加值和减少粮食用于国内需求。充实粮食市场的理论和方法规定,研究国家和区域性质的粮食市场的状况、模式和前景,并通过推广概念方法和实施国外经验,为完善其管理的组织和经济机制提出切实可行的建议。结果。文章论证了全球粮食问题的解决与粮食产品的生产息息相关。目前,这一问题的实质归结为世界人口的增长速度超过了粮食生产的增长速度。此外,文章还证实了破坏性因素对农业生产的负面影响是如何增加的——通过建设和沙漠化减少了适合农业生产的土地面积,加剧了淡水短缺,增加了洪涝、干旱和火灾的频率和分布,等等。在维持目前的人口和气候趋势的同时,粮食危险的风险正在增加,甚至对那些传统上一直是世界市场粮食产品供应国的国家也是如此。对乌克兰来说,这种风险是因为其经济与世界的深度融合削弱了公共行政影响国内市场粮食再分配和流动的能力——自由贸易政策是经济全球化新自由主义学说的基础。在最坏的情况下,在乌克兰种植的粮食产品的所有者将是跨国公司的外国农业控股公司,这些公司将不受限制地将其出口到国外,从而在国内市场上造成严重的粮食短缺,并产生各种负面后果。关键词:小麦,饲料粮,出口,外汇收入,原材料,增加值,内销。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
World grain market: place and role of Ukraine
Introduction. The article shows the increase in Ukraine's share in the world structure of grain exports. The average value of the growth rate of Ukrainian wheat and fodder grain exports is calculated, which is ahead of the similar world indicator. It turns out that the food supply of individual countries and regions depends on the volume of Ukrainian grain exports. It is noted that the positive side of the growth of grain exports is the increase in foreign exchange earnings, the negative - the loss of value added and reducing the use of grain for domestic needs. Purpose. Substantiation of theoretical and methodological provisions of the grain market, study of the state, patterns, prospects of the grain market of national and regional nature and development of practical recommendations for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of its regulation through generalization of conceptual approaches and implementation of foreign experience. Results. The article proves that the solution of the global food problem is connected with the production of grain products. Currently, the essence of this problem comes down to the fact that the growth rate of the world's population is ahead of the growth rate of grain production. In addition, the article substantiates how the negative impact of destructive factors on agricultural production is increasing - reducing the area of land suitable for agricultural production through construction and desertification, increasing freshwater shortages, increasing the frequency of floods, droughts and fires and increasing their distribution and more. Conclusions. While maintaining the current demographic and climate trends, the risks of food danger are increasing even for countries that have traditionally been and are suppliers of grain products to the world market. For Ukraine, such risks are because the deepening integration of its economy into the world weakens the ability of public administration to influence the redistribution and movement of food in the national market - free trade policy is the basis of the neoliberal doctrine of economic globalization. In the worst-case scenario, the owners of grain products grown in Ukraine will be foreign agricultural holdings of TNCs, which will export it abroad without restrictions provoking an acute shortage of food in the domestic market with all the negative consequences. Keywords: wheat, fodder grain, export, foreign exchange earnings, raw materials, value added, domestic use.
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