The Possible Protective Effect of Propolis Against Aluminum Chloride Induced Hepatic Injury in Adult Male Rats. Histological Study

Background: Aluminum is a widely distributed metal in the environment and is extensively used in daily life that provides easy exposure to human. It is known that Aluminum induces toxic effect on the liver. Propolis is a honeybee product with antioxidant properties. Hence, aim of the work was to evaluate the possible protective effect of propolis against hepatic toxicity caused by Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in rats. Material and methods: The present study was carried out on forty adult male albino rats that were divided randomly into four equal Groups. Group I served as control. Group II: rats were given propolis (50 mg/kg). Group III: received AlCl3 (34 mg/kg). Group IV: received AlCl3 (34 mg/kg) and propolis (50 mg/kg) simultaneously. All medications were given by nasogastric tube for four weeks. Specimens of liver were excised and processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Moreover, biochemical levels of serum liver enzymes were measured. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also done. Results: Administration of propolis alone in Group II had no effect on the hepatic architecture. However, AlCl3 administration in Group III had led elevation of serum liver enzymes and distortion of liver parenchyma. Vacuolated hepatocytes, mononuclear cellular infiltrations and congestion in portal vein branches and blood sinusoids were noticed. Moreover, there was a significant increase in area percentage of collagen fibers and a significant decrease in the optical density of PAS stained glycogen granules as compared to the control Group. By electron microscope, hepatocytes showed many lipid droplets in their cytoplasm, mitochondria with indistinct cristae, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. Hepatic stellate cells associated with collagen fibrils were also detected. However, simultaneous administration of propolis with AlCl3 in Group IV attenuated the biochemical and structural changes induced by AlCl3. Conclusion: Propolis could have a beneficial protective effect against AlCl3 hepatic injury.