Colin D. Bailie, J. Mailoa, E. Johlin, William H. Nguyen, E. Hoke, A. Akey, T. Buonassisi, M. McGehee
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Mechanically stacked and monolithically integrated perovskite/silicon tandems and the challenges for high efficiency
With the advent of high-bandgap perovskites, the opportunity now exists to make tandems with perovskites on top of silicon. We have prototyped a mechanically stacked tandem, achieving 17.9% certified efficiency using a perovskite cell with a silver nanowire mesh electrode. We have also prototyped a monolithically integrated tandem on silicon, with the two subcells electronically connected by band-to-band tunneling in the silicon. The primary challenges to propelling perovskite/silicon tandems into a high-efficiency (>25%) regime are spiro-OMeTAD parasitic absorption, perovskite crystal quality, stability of a perovskite with a 1.8 eV bandgap, perovskite environmental stability, and transparent electrode quality and stability.