ON THE MULTI-VARIETY OF NOTIONS «PROBLEM» AND «PROBLEMATIZATION» IN PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE

Many scientific studies, both humanitarian and natural-science, at the very beginning imply a meaningful definition of the research problem. However, in the modern scientific world, researchers are increasingly confronted with the fact that they incorrectly isolate a problem, or do not see the main one among several problems. Therefore, to determine the content of the problem, you need to know what the problem is. Otherwise, it may happen that a problem can be called a question or a task. The article discusses the methodological basis of any study, which is based on problem situations that cause the researcher a psychological state of uncertainty, contradiction, and intellectual tension. This is what creates the promise for the assimilation of new knowledge, for research discoveries that create a field for the development of mental abilities, search and intellectual activity, and a philosophical style of thinking. An important role in this process of knowledge is performed by heuristic and research methods. On the other hand, the article argues that the study of any scientific discipline, including philosophy, cannot be reduced to the assimilation of a set of “ready” knowledge, but involves the formation of students’ philosophical culture of problem-oriented thinking, the unit of which is “problematization”. Problematization is understood