Modeling of FACTS in power system studies

In complex interconnected power systems, technical problems in load flows and stability can be expected, and these problems are aggravated by the requirements of a liberalized energy market. Extended interconnected systems experience stability problems and inter-area oscillations, which can lead to system interruptions. Furthermore, long distance AC transmission requires reactive power compensation, introducing stability constraints that limit transmitted power. These conditions can be improved by the use of FACTS controllers. These improvements can be predicted by the proper simulation of FACTS controllers, which include all controls and a detailed representation of the system. Hence, this paper discusses FACTS controller models used through various analysis and design steps on FACTS projects. Examples of application studies of these controllers are also presented.