大流行限制条件下工人的社会保护:经验比较

L. Bogush
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文考察了乌克兰在大流行限制和大规模抗流行病方案实施条件下在工人和就业社会保护领域的做法,并与其他国家的经验相比,从相关措施的及时性、复杂性和一致性等方面进行了分析;确定了协调的问题和优先事项,提高社会经济发展的有效性,国家政策的方向是刺激国民经济,危机复原力和竞争力,维持社会可接受的生活水平和国家安全。对乌克兰和世界上许多国家在COVID-19大流行情况下工人社会保护的经验进行比较表明:实施国家限制和预防措施的充分系统化;它们的共同特点是对管理的结果和前景、所有预算的履行、有保障的社会保护计划的整体实施产生强大的负面影响,这将在不久的后危机时期明显感受到。在发展中国家(包括乌克兰),工人的社会保护制度对经济“财政储蓄和储备”的负担力,以及对雇主、雇员和自营职业者实施专题补偿计划所造成的公共债务增长,在国家预算赤字、不令人满意的经济“多样化”和相对较差的国内生产总值指标方面更为严重。在国外市场的弱势地位加上大量的外部借款。世界和各国目前在大规模防治流行病措施方面的经验,设想了它对未来可能出现的类似程度的紧急情况的预测。这种情况突出了乌克兰的需要,乌克兰的国家政策和战略是在更好地确定优先事项、指导方针、机制和手段的基础上维持和确保社会经济发展的安全(特别是在制定、协调和提高经济发展战略的有效性的框架内),乌克兰在国际分工中的专业化,人与劳动潜能的再生产与实现)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
WORKERS’ SOCIAL PROTECTION IN PANDEMIC RESTRICTIONS’ CONDITIONS: COMPARISON OF EXPERIENCE
The article examines the Ukraine’s practice in the field of workers’ and employment’ social protection in the conditions of pandemic restrictions and large-scale anti-epidemic programs’ implementation, which is analyzed in the context of timeliness, complexity, consistency of relevant measures in comparison to other countries’ experience; problems and priorities for coordination, improving the effectiveness of socio-economic development’ state policy in the direction of stimulating the national economy’ crisis resilience and competitiveness, maintaining a socially acceptable standards of living and national security are identified. A comparison of the experience of workers’ social protection in the COVID-19 pandemic’ conditions in Ukraine and a range of countries around the world showed: the sufficient systematization of applied national restrictive and preventive measures; common features of their powerful negative impact on the results and prospects of management, all budgets’ fulfillment, implementation of guaranteed social protection programs as a whole, which will be felt acutely in the near post-crisis period. The burden power of workers’ social protection systems on the economy’ financial savings and reserves, the public debt’ growth caused by the implementation of thematic compensation programs for employers, employees and the self-employed, is more acute in developing countries (including Ukraine) – with the state budget deficits, unsatisfactory economy’ diversification and relatively worse gross domestic product’ indicators, weaker positions in foreign markets in addition to significant external borrowings. The world and national current experience of the large-scale antiepidemic measures envisages its projection on probable emergencies of a similar level in the future. This situation highlights the needs of Ukraine, its state policy and strategies for sustaining and ensuring the socio-economic development’ security in better substantiation of priorities, guidelines, mechanisms, instruments for balanced socio-economic progress (in particular, in the framework of developing, coordinating, rising the strategies’ effectiveness for economy’ development, its specialization in the international labor division, reproduction and implementation of human and labor potential).
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