Modelling Travel Demand Management Measurements towards Travel Behaviour with Psycho-Social, Trip Chain Attributes and Quality of Life: A Conceptual Paper

congestion due to rising population and urbanisation. Traffic congestion and associated problems have become a major worry for transport planners, politicians, and the public as it has negative economic, social, and environmental impact. Accordingly, public transport is encouraged. Initiatives to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and traffic accident rates have been ineffective. Many megacities in developing countries have low public transportation mode shares despite high investment in public transportation infrastructure. To better manage supply and demand for transport, travel demand management (TDM) strategies must be implemented to manage imbalance of demand and supply. This conceptual paper explores Travel Demand Management Strategies to increase public transportation mode share through psycho-social variables, travel chain attributes, quality of life, and travel behaviour to explore better alternatives to encourage public transportation usage.