A Review of Design Principles for Improved Mechanical Reliability of Cantilever Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters

Vibration energy harvesters based on piezoceramics can provide a sustainable source of energy for low-power electronics. The greatest issue preventing these systems from being widely used is their poor reliability. With the aim to maximise their power output, the devices are often operated close the point of yielding, which results in microcracks and fatigue in the piezoceramic layer. This paper offers a comparative review of design principles that aim to improve the reliability of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters. Three different design principles are investigated with the focus on strain limitation. The results show that strain homogenisation, strain limitation and compressive strains can be effective design principles to increase reliability without sacrificing efficiency.