Distinguishing Disability and Incapacity

This paper discusses the distinctions between disability and incapacity for work, from both a theoretical and an operational perspective. Disability refers mainly to a functional limitation in ordinary activity; incapacity for work concerns people who are unable to work because of a medical condition. Although the terms overlap, they are conceptually distinct. People can be disabled without being unable to work, and unable to work without being disabled. Clarifying these distinctions is important for policy: social security benefits for disability are liable to be given on different principles from benefits for incapacity. The implications are considered for systems in development.