Congenital anomalies in various industrial regions of Bashkortostan Republic

Introduction. Reproductive system disorders, according to many authors, are among integral indicators of sanitary hygienic ill-being of territories and reflect an environmental aggression degree. Ecologic and hygienic studies of reproductive health, conducted in some entities of Russian Federation, demonstrated that environmental substances with mutagenic and reproductivity compromising activity increase prevalence of congenital anomalies 1.4–1.8 times over the reference values. During 2000–2010, prevalence of congenital anomalies in Russia varies within 30.0–30.9‰.Objective. To reveal epidemiologic features of congenital anomalies development in ecologic situation formed by various economy branches.Materials and methods. Ecologic and hygienic evaluation covered reproductive health of women residents in ecologically unfavorable regions. Th e work contained also information on sanitary and hygienic state of environment and public health state, taken from offi cial and public materials of Rospotrebnadzor and Health Ministry of Bashkortostan Republic over 2009–2016.Results. Congenital anomalies in fetus increased. In 2015, 21.4 congenital anomalies were registered per 1,000 children aged under 1 year. High levels of congenital anomalies over 2000–2015 were seen in regions of ores mining and extraction, with high content of heavy metals affecting reproductivity (copper, chromium, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead, mercury, manganese, etc.) — in these regions, incidence of congenital anomalies was 3.78 times higher than general level in the Republic.Conclusions. Congenital anomalies levels obviously characterize reproductiverisk of ecologic situation, can be a criterion of sanitary epidemiologic ill-being and serve as an indicator in social hygienic monitoring.