“内”和“外”空间在Сontext波斯语的礼貌体系中称为Ārof

O. Mazepova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文探讨的是“由内而外”二元对立在伊朗所有社会交往类型中都深深涉及到的波斯礼貌体系“ārof”范围内的实施问题。这里分析了美国人类学家W. Beeman提出的一个概念,他认为伊朗人的交际行为受到“内部”和“外部”空间的严格区分,这是通过语言方式的风格标记来表达的。此外,“内外”空间和“内外”行为的概念之间的特殊关联也被确定为自古以来就融入伊朗世界观的概念。在说话者视为“外部”(birun / zāher)的情况下,他根据ārof礼貌系统的要求选择了一种沟通方式,显示了对话者地位的差异。反之,在被视为“内部”(andarun / bāten)的情况下,他感到舒适和放松,并在他的讲话中使用友好和真诚的表达。然而,当两种行为框架之间的相关性被打破时,“外”模式的交流就变成了“内”模式的交流,“内”模式的交流又变成了“外”模式的交流。“外部”的沟通模式对行为不端的人很有用。“高层”不可接受的行为可以通过加强对对方的“自我贬低”和“他者上升”策略,利用文体化的言语手段来调节。指出了波斯人礼貌制度的消极方面,即允许操纵对话者。在与以波斯语为母语的人进行跨文化交流时,识别外国人的这种企图并作出适当的反应是最重要的任务之一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
“INSIDE” AND “OUTSIDE” SPACE IN THE СONTEXT OF THE PERSIAN POLITENESS SYSTEM TA’ĀROF
The paper deals with the problem of implementation of the binary opposition “inside-outside” within the scope of ta’ārof, the Persian politeness system, which is deeply involved in all the types of social communication in Iran. Here was analyzed a concept set forth by US anthropologist W. Beeman, who states that communicative behavior of Iranians is regulated by strict difference between “inside” and “outside” space, which is expressed through stylistically marked means of speech. Also here was determined peculiar correlation between the concepts of “inside/outside” space and “inside/outside” behavior incorporated into Iranian worldview since the ancient times. In the situations, which speaker regards as “outside” (birun / zāher) he chooses a communication style in accordance with require- ments of ta’ārof politeness system, demonstrating difference in status of the interlocutors. And vice versa, in the situations regarded as “inside” (andarun / bāten) ones, he feels comfortable and relaxed, and uses in his speech expressions demonstrating friendliness and sincerity. Yet, when correlation between two frames of behavior is broken the “outside”-mode communication turns into “inside”, and “inside” – into “outside”-mode communication. “Outside” pattern of communication is useful when applied to the misbehaving persons. Unacceptable behavior of “high-ranking person” could well be moderated by intensifying the strategy of “self-lowering” and “other-rising” towards the counterpart, making use of stylistically based means of speech. It was pointed out to the negative aspect of the Persian politeness system, which allows manipulat- ing interlocutor. Identifying and proper reaction from the side of foreigners to such attempts is one of the most important tasks of intercultural communication with Persian native speakers.
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