Modeling the Potential Effect of Media Campaigns in Controlling Typhoid Fever

Background: Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi, is still a serious problem in many developing countries. It is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. Risk factors include poor sanitation and poor hygiene. This study presented a mathematical model with a media campaign component to evaluate the possible impact of media campaigns on typhoid fever awareness. Methods: Sixty-four We proposed a model based on the transmission dynamics of Typhoid disease, emphasizing the cumulative density of awareness programs for the disease. The total population at time t is denoted by N(t); which is subdivided into Susceptible S(t), Infected Class I(t), Susceptible Media Sm (t), Recovered, and Cumulative density of awareness program M(t), thus, N(t) = S(t) + I(t) + Sm(t) + R(t) + M(t). The study stresses that when media knowledge spreads among the general population, a section susceptible to infection becomes isolated from the infected ones. The equilibrium points of the model system were found, and stability analysis and sensitivity analysis were carried out. Numerical simulations used specific parameters to study their effects on media awareness. Results: It was discovered that typhoid fever could be eliminated with a test of time as R0 < 1. It was also observed that the model had a disease-free equilibrium. The results suggested that the ingestion rate is the primary mechanism that fuels typhoid fever. Conclusion: The simulations indicated that if individuals can take preventive measures against typhoid, there would not be any need for treatment. It was established that media campaigns yielded better outcomes in protecting individuals against typhoid..