Rakhiv山脉地形形态计量学分析作为生态网络形成的基础

M. Teslovych, Yevhen A. Ivanov
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Groups of slopes were distinguished according to the level of potential risk of dangerous exogenous processes, and the areas and shares of the indicated groups and subgroups of slopes were calculated. The degree of protection of the region by the existing objects of the nature reserve fund was determined. A GIS model was created to assess the risk of the manifestation of dangerous exogenous processes on the slopes of the Rakhiv mountains and the state of their protection. On the basis of the Copernicus Global Land Service geodata, the shares of vegetation cover types within the zones of different levels of risk of the development of dangerous exogenous processes were calculated.\n\nSteep and very steep slopes predominate within the mountain range (76.0%). As for the exposure of the slopes, the slopes of the northern (18.9%) and southern (15.4%) exposures dominate here. The highest and highest degree of risk of manifestation of slope processes is characteristic for the slopes located in the catchments of the tributaries of the Tysa River (Bily, Velikiy Potik, Kvasny) and in the interfluve of the Tysa and Kosivska rivers, which occupy 40.0%. About 42.6% of the slopes are characterized by a very high and high level of risk of dangerous exogenous processes and remain unprotected. At the same time, 78.4% of them are covered with solid forest vegetation, which can be affected by the use of solid forest felling.\n\nA similar situation is typical for slopes that are classified as higher than average and average levels of potential development of dangerous exogenous processes (43.6% of the total area of the study area). Almost 53.6% of these slopes are not covered by nature conservation areas. At the same time, the share of forest cover within their borders is only 59.8%.\n\n22 objects of the nature reserve fund have been created within the Rakhiv mountains. Among them, the largest is the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, namely its Kuzii and Maramoros massifs. In addition to the nature reserve, there are two nature reserves and 19 natural monuments.\n\nEnvironmental protection measures and the possibilities of their integration into the spatial planning system by determining the structural elements of the ecological network are proposed. Important measures to ensure the stability of the slope geosystems of the Rakhiv Mountains are the expansion of the Kuzii and Maramoro massifs of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve due to the inclusion of forests that perform soil protection and anti-erosion functions. This will significantly contribute to the establishment of nature conservation management in the study area, and in the future these territories may become part of the Ukrainian-Romanian transboundary UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in the Maramoros Mountains.\n\nIt is necessary to provide conditions for the restoration of natural geosystems, especially forests on very steep and steep slopes of the region. Forest geosystems outside the territories and objects of the nature reserve fund require the implementation of approaches to forest management close to the environment. Among the approaches, it is worth noting the limitation of solid-forest felling and wood trawling. The development of the tourist infrastructure of the region should take into account the need to preserve the integrity of the local ecological network of the Rakhiv Mountains.\n\nKeywords: Maramorosh, Rakhiv Mountains, ecological network, steepness of slopes, exposure of slopes, dangerous exogenous processes.","PeriodicalId":244326,"journal":{"name":"Науковий вісник Чернівецького університету : Географія","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Morphometric analysis of the relief of the Rakhiv Mountains as a basis for the formation of an ecological network\",\"authors\":\"M. Teslovych, Yevhen A. Ivanov\",\"doi\":\"10.31861/geo.2022.838.72-81\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The Rakhiv Mountains are part of the Maramoros massif of the Carpathians in the Transcarpathian region. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

Rakhiv山脉是喀尔巴阡山脉外喀尔巴阡地区马拉莫罗斯山脉的一部分。山脉在边界上起着重要的作用,因为它被乌克兰和罗马尼亚边界限制在南部。该地区的主要发展领域是林业和旅游业。特定类型的活动加剧了该地区斜坡地质系统内危险外生过程的发展。其表现的危险性取决于山地地质系统地形的形态特征。对Rakhiv山脉的地形形态进行了形态计量学分析,并按陡度和暴露度分组计算了坡度参数。根据危险外源过程的潜在风险水平划分斜坡组,并计算所指示的斜坡组和亚组的面积和份额。确定了自然保护区基金现有对象对该地区的保护程度。创建了一个地理信息系统模型,以评估Rakhiv山脉斜坡上危险外生过程的表现风险及其保护状况。在哥白尼全球土地服务地理数据的基础上,计算了不同外生危险过程发展风险等级区域内植被覆盖类型的份额。陡峭和非常陡峭的斜坡在山脉内占主导地位(76.0%)。在坡面暴露方面,北露(18.9%)和南露(15.4%)占主导地位。坡度过程表现的最高和最高程度的风险是位于Tysa河支流集水区(Bily, Velikiy Potik, Kvasny)和Tysa河和Kosivska河交汇处的斜坡,占40.0%。约42.6%的斜坡具有非常高和高水平的危险外生过程风险,仍然没有得到保护。与此同时,78.4%的地区被实心森林植被覆盖,实心森林采伐的利用会对其产生影响。在危险外生过程潜在发展水平高于平均水平和平均水平(占研究区总面积的43.6%)的斜坡上,也有类似的典型情况。这些斜坡中约有53.6%没有被自然保育区覆盖。与此同时,其境内的森林覆盖率仅为59.8%。在Rakhiv山脉内建立了22个自然保护区。其中,最大的是喀尔巴阡生物圈保护区,即库兹和马拉莫罗斯地块。除自然保护区外,还有两个自然保护区和19个自然纪念地。通过确定生态网络的结构要素,提出了环境保护措施及其融入空间规划体系的可能性。确保Rakhiv山脉斜坡地质系统稳定的重要措施是扩大喀尔巴阡生物圈保护区的Kuzii和Maramoro地块,因为其中包括具有土壤保护和抗侵蚀功能的森林。这将大大有助于在研究地区建立自然保护管理,将来这些领土可能成为马拉莫罗斯山区乌克兰-罗马尼亚跨界教科文组织生物圈保护区的一部分。有必要为恢复自然地质系统,特别是该地区非常陡峭和陡峭的斜坡上的森林提供条件。在自然储备基金的领土和对象之外的森林地质系统要求执行接近环境的森林管理办法。在这些方法中,值得注意的是固体森林砍伐和木材拖网捕捞的局限性。该地区旅游基础设施的发展应考虑到需要保护拉吉夫山脉当地生态网络的完整性。关键词:Maramorosh, Rakhiv山,生态网络,坡度,坡度暴露,危险外源过程
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Morphometric analysis of the relief of the Rakhiv Mountains as a basis for the formation of an ecological network
The Rakhiv Mountains are part of the Maramoros massif of the Carpathians in the Transcarpathian region. The mountain massif plays an important cross-border role, as it is limited to the south by the Ukrainian-Romanian border. The main areas of development of the region are forestry and tourism. The specified types of activities contribute to the intensification of the development of dangerous exogenous processes within the slope geosystems of the region. The risk of their manifestation depends on the morphometric features of the relief of mountain geosystems. A morphometric analysis of the relief forms of the Rakhiv Mountains was carried out and slope parameters were calculated by groups of their steepness and exposure. Groups of slopes were distinguished according to the level of potential risk of dangerous exogenous processes, and the areas and shares of the indicated groups and subgroups of slopes were calculated. The degree of protection of the region by the existing objects of the nature reserve fund was determined. A GIS model was created to assess the risk of the manifestation of dangerous exogenous processes on the slopes of the Rakhiv mountains and the state of their protection. On the basis of the Copernicus Global Land Service geodata, the shares of vegetation cover types within the zones of different levels of risk of the development of dangerous exogenous processes were calculated. Steep and very steep slopes predominate within the mountain range (76.0%). As for the exposure of the slopes, the slopes of the northern (18.9%) and southern (15.4%) exposures dominate here. The highest and highest degree of risk of manifestation of slope processes is characteristic for the slopes located in the catchments of the tributaries of the Tysa River (Bily, Velikiy Potik, Kvasny) and in the interfluve of the Tysa and Kosivska rivers, which occupy 40.0%. About 42.6% of the slopes are characterized by a very high and high level of risk of dangerous exogenous processes and remain unprotected. At the same time, 78.4% of them are covered with solid forest vegetation, which can be affected by the use of solid forest felling. A similar situation is typical for slopes that are classified as higher than average and average levels of potential development of dangerous exogenous processes (43.6% of the total area of the study area). Almost 53.6% of these slopes are not covered by nature conservation areas. At the same time, the share of forest cover within their borders is only 59.8%. 22 objects of the nature reserve fund have been created within the Rakhiv mountains. Among them, the largest is the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, namely its Kuzii and Maramoros massifs. In addition to the nature reserve, there are two nature reserves and 19 natural monuments. Environmental protection measures and the possibilities of their integration into the spatial planning system by determining the structural elements of the ecological network are proposed. Important measures to ensure the stability of the slope geosystems of the Rakhiv Mountains are the expansion of the Kuzii and Maramoro massifs of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve due to the inclusion of forests that perform soil protection and anti-erosion functions. This will significantly contribute to the establishment of nature conservation management in the study area, and in the future these territories may become part of the Ukrainian-Romanian transboundary UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in the Maramoros Mountains. It is necessary to provide conditions for the restoration of natural geosystems, especially forests on very steep and steep slopes of the region. Forest geosystems outside the territories and objects of the nature reserve fund require the implementation of approaches to forest management close to the environment. Among the approaches, it is worth noting the limitation of solid-forest felling and wood trawling. The development of the tourist infrastructure of the region should take into account the need to preserve the integrity of the local ecological network of the Rakhiv Mountains. Keywords: Maramorosh, Rakhiv Mountains, ecological network, steepness of slopes, exposure of slopes, dangerous exogenous processes.
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