软骨损伤、修复和再生中的免疫微环境

Muzhe Li, Han Yin, Zineng Yan, Huiyun Li, Jiang Wu, Yue Wang, Fu Wei, Guangzhao Tian, Chao Ning, Haojiang Li, Cangjian Gao, Liwei Fu, Shuangpeng Jiang, Mingxue Chen, X. Sui, Shuyun Liu, Zhiwei Chen, Q. Guo
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摘要

由于关节软骨缺乏血管、神经和淋巴组织,其自我修复能力受到限制。一旦受损,它会导致关节肿胀和疼痛,加速骨关节炎的进展。尽管今天有许多技术可用,但具有良好机械性能的透明软骨的完全再生仍然是一个难以实现的目标。软骨损伤产生的炎症环境对软骨细胞死亡和肥大、细胞外基质破坏、异位骨形成以及软骨损伤进展为骨关节炎至关重要。在炎症微环境中,间充质干细胞发生异常分化,软骨细胞开始转化或去分化为成纤维细胞表型的细胞,导致机械质量差的纤维软骨。所有这些都表明,炎症问题可能是软骨修复的主要障碍。为了产生一个有利于软骨再生的环境,需要对关节炎症微环境在地点和时间上进行多维度管理。因此,研究损伤后软骨修复与再生的免疫微环境具有重要意义。本文综述了以下方面的研究进展:(1)软骨损伤的发生机制;(2)免疫细胞在软骨损伤和修复中的作用;(3)炎症因子在软骨修复中的作用;(4)软骨缺损治疗的临床策略;(5)靶向免疫调节在软骨修复和再生中的策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Immune Microenvironment in Cartilage Injury, Repair and Regeneration
Since articular cartilage lacks blood vessels, nerves, and lymph tissue, its ability to repair itself is limited. Once damaged, it can lead to joint swelling and pain, accelerating the progression of osteoarthritis. Complete regeneration of hyaline cartilage with good mechanical properties remains an elusive goal, despite the many technologies available today. The inflammatory milieu created by cartilage damage is critical for chondrocyte death and hypertrophy, extracellular matrix breakdown, ectopic bone formation, and the progression of cartilage injury to osteoarthritis. In the inflammatory microenvironment, MSCs undergo aberrant differentiation, and chondrocytes begin to convert or dedifferentiate into cells with a fibroblast phenotype, resulting in fibrocartilage with poor mechanical qualities. All of these suggest that inflammatory problems may be a major stumbling block to cartilage repair. To produce a milieu conducive to cartilage regeneration, multi-dimensional management of the joint inflammatory microenvironment in place and time is required. Therefore, it is of great significance to elucidate the immune microenvironment of cartilage repair and regeneration after injury. This review provides a brief overview of:(1)the pathogenesis of cartilage injury(2)immune cells in cartilage injury and repair(3)effects of inflammatory cytokines on cartilage repair;(4)clinical strategies for the treatment of cartilage defects(5)strategies for targeted immunoregulation in cartilage repair and regeneration.
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