Risk Assessment Quantification for Remote Learning Based on Lecture Type

The rapid development of ICT has promoted various approaches to remote learning. By surveying and analyzing the actual situation in other countries (the U.S., the UK, Denmark, etc.) and the implementation methods and systems of advanced initiatives, measures to improve the quality of higher education have been studied. With the advent of COVID-19 in 2020, teleworking has been implemented in companies and remote learning in universities and other educational institutions to control the spread of infection. University classes, which are traditionally conducted face-to-face, are increasingly being taught remotely, but there are many risks and issues inherent in this method. These risks have caused anxiety and dissatisfaction among both students and faculty, and in some cases have prevented the smooth implementation of classes at a distance. This paper proposes and evaluates specific countermeasures by conducting a risk assessment of remote learning for universities. This will contribute to safe and secure remote learning in the new normal era. Specifically, risk assessments were conducted for two main types of remote learning formats: on-demand and live-streaming. Then, on the basis of the results, we proposed countermeasures such as the enhancement of environmental facilities (for the on-demand type) and privacy-conscious countermeasures (for the live-streaming type). We also clarified the effectiveness of the proposed measures by comparing the risk values before and after their implementation.