Correction of Negative Manifestations in 3-year-old Children in Kindergarten Conditions

Introduction. The early age is an important and very difficult stage in the development of a person’s personality. The problem of overcoming negative manifestations during the crisis of three years seems to be particularly relevant, because at this stage the formation of consciousness and the position of the child’s personality takes place. The absence of special conditions for upbringing and communication with the child, taking into account age characteristics and contributing to the smooth course of the restructuring of the psyche, can lead to irreversible consequences that affect the development of personality in the future. Various ways and options for overcoming the crisis of three years were considered by domestic and foreign teachers and psychologists: L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev, L. I. Bozhovich, D. B. Elkonin, E. Erickson, G. Bronson, S. Wolf, T. V. Guskova, M. G. Elagina, T. E. Dragunova, M. I. Lisina, A. Clark, N. A. Menchinskaya, V. S. Mukhina, J. Rusek, L. White, E. Koehler. Among the conditions for successfully overcoming the crisis, they call taking into account the new needs of a child, respect for the child’s personality by adults and a tactful attitude towards him or her, especially in conflict emotionally stressful situations, abandoning the desire to tame the child, giving him reasonable opportunities to demonstrate his/her independence, removing situations that lead a child to stress and aggravation of relationships with others. However, in most cases, recommendations on how to achieve this are general and relate to the upbringing of a child in the family. The analysis of the proposed ways to overcome the negative manifestations of the crisis of three years has shown that they do not provide sufficient characteristics of the psychological and pedagogical conditions necessary for the evolutionary development of personality at this age stage. They do not have a complete picture of the psychological and pedagogical effects on a child, they do not consider the role of a kindergarten teacher and the possibilities of a pre-school educational organization in overcoming this crisis, although a significant number of pre-school children currently attend kindergartens. Therefore, it became necessary to consider the possibilities of reducing the negative symptoms of the crisis of three years from the designated points of view. Materials and Methods. Theoretical analysis of literature, analysis of the state of practice, generalization of empirically obtained data, observation, conversation, experiment, mathematical methods of data processing. Results. Pronounced symptoms of the crisis were observed in 59 % of children, among them self-will was diagnosed in 67 %, stubbornness in 63 %, negativism in 46 %, despotism in 33 %, depreciation in 29 % of children. Situational manifestations of symptoms are present in 44 %, frequent – in 22 % of them. The most common cause of negative behavioral reactions of three-year-old is improper influence on the part of adults who do not want to take into account the needs and capabilities of a child changing with age and preventing the manifestation of independence of children. The focus of negative manifestations on adults was 67 %. Discussion and Conclusion. The most effective way to overcome the negative manifestations of the crisis of three years will be under the conditions of creating a developing environment aimed at reducing the negative reactions of the child and ensuring a positive emotional background of interaction with adults and peers; timely diagnosis of manifestations of negative behavioral reactions indicating the presence of crisis symptoms, in order to reduce their external and internal effects on the development of the child’s personality as a whole; regular special conversations with the child aimed at forming a positive level of relationships with adults and peers; creating playful ways of interacting with a child of early preschool age; mutual cooperation with parents to implement the principle of continuity of the educational process to reduce the negative manifestations of the symptoms of the crisis of three years.