Fennel Essential Oil Prevents Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Induced by Triflumuron in Two Human Cell Lines

Background: Among insecticides belonging to the insect growth regulators class, we are interested in this present work in the study of Triflumuron (TFM) which is widely used in the protection of crops, human and animal health against diseases caused by certain vector insects. However, the bibliographic data of its toxicity in vitro are almost impossible to find. The increased use of these insecticides has caused severe damage. This prompted us to look for preventive strategies with respect to the toxicity induced by TFM. Objective: Our study aimed to test the effect of an antioxidant substance, the fennel essential oil (FEO) against toxicity induced by TFM using two different cell lines, the human renal embryonic cells (HEK 293) and hepatocytes (Hep G2). Methods and results: According to the MTT assay, and independently of the cell line used, we showed a significant reduction in the cell viability, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, MDA levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in both cell lines after their treatment with TFM. Moreover, we showed an increased in both catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. We demonstrated also, that TFM is an inductor of DNA damages quantified by the comet assay accompanied by apoptosis, highlighted by the evaluation of the expression of pro and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bcl2). Conclusion: However, the use of FEO reversed completely the cytotoxicity induced by TFM.