乌克兰缺水:安全、人道主义和生态问题

B. Andrushkiv, L. Melnyk, N. Kyrych, O. Pohajdak
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摘要

这篇文章专门讨论乌克兰的缺水问题。它对解决国家发展的经济、社会和人道主义任务的影响已经确定。水资源利用和节约用水是国家发展的重要领域之一,是国民经济发展的萌芽性原则形成的条件之一。通过对文献资料和现有经验的分析,提出了合理的措施来改善消费者的供水,防止由于全球气候条件的变化和人为因素而开始发展的负面现象。可以确定的是,在乌克兰,特别是在捷尔诺波尔地区,这不是第一次面临缺水问题。此外,已经发现世界上有40多个国家现在遭受绝对缺水,五分之一的人饮用受污染的水。虽然我们的星球大部分被水占据,水是不断运动的——地球上物质的巨大循环,部分随着环境的变化而变化。这篇文章强调我们的生活不仅受到人为因素的影响,而且还受到气候的影响,气候是最重要的自然现象之一。大城市的出现、人工水库、大规模的填海工程、运河的铺设、沼泽和湖泊的排水、河流的转移造成了严重的环境后果。这些地区的水资源是缓冲区,提供了温和的气候,减少了负面影响。此外,由于科学,生态和组织经济机制,有可能确保这种稀缺产品在社会上的有效利用和乌克兰国民经济的稳定运行,从而使其在欧盟中安全和具有竞争力,这一论点得到证实。这项研究是在一个转型的后极权社会中进行的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Water deficiency in Ukraine: safety, humanitarian and ecological problems
The article is devoted to the problem of water shortage in Ukraine. Its impact on the solution of economic, social and humanitarian tasks of the state development has been identified. Attention is focused on water use and water conservation as one of the very important areas of development, including national security in the conditions of germinative principles formation of national economy. Based on the analysis of literature sources and existing experience, reasonable measures to improve water supply to consumers and prevent negative phenomena that began to progress due to changes in global climatic conditions and man-made factors are offered. It is established that in Ukraine, and in Ternopil region in particular, it is not the first time the problem of water shortage is faced. In addition, it has been found that more than 40 countries in the world now suffer from absolute water shortages, and one-fifth drink polluted water. Although most of our planet is occupied by water, which is in constant motion – the great cycle of matter on Earth and partially change with the change of the environment. The article emphasizes that our lives are affected not only by man-made factors, but also by the climate, which is one of the most important natural phenomena. The appearance of large cities, artificial reservoirs, large-scale reclamation works, laying canals, draining swamps and lakes, the transfer of rivers result in serious environmental consequences. It is the water resources in the regions that are the buffer zone providing a mild climate and reducing the negative impact. Also, the thesis that due to scientific, ecological and organizational-economic mechanisms it is possible to ensure effective use of this scarce product in society and stable functioning of the national economy of Ukraine, which can make it safe and competitive in the EU, is substantiated. The study has been carried out in a transformational, post-totalitarian society.
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