从日本格斗系统范式转变的焦点看空手道运动学科:分析研究

Anatoliy Lozovyy Anatoliy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:如今,许多空手道组织都有自己的不同级别的比赛,甚至包括世界锦标赛。它们被定位为独立的运动,尽管其中许多运动的内容、规则和规定只是在细节上有所不同。大量类似空手道的运动版本干扰了现代社会对空手道的正确认识和客观评价。材料与方法:作者根据40年空手道学习与教学的实践经验,结合2019-2022年本人的研究成果,提出了基于共同系统特征的空手道运动版本统一为三个独立运动的观点。像任何运动一样,空手道反映了它产生的社会现象。作者运用文明史、功能学和社会学的方法,认为战斗系统的范式转变导致了具有深刻系统差异的新形式的出现。相应地,这些差异也表现在以这些形式为基础而产生的体育学科上。结果:三种空手道都具有鲜明的现代体育特征,形成了三个系统不同的竞技项目:风格(传统)空手道;2)一般空手道;3)体育(奥运)空手道。它们之间的差异源于它们产生的空手道形式之间的差异。结论:风格空手道、普通空手道和运动空手道是需要考虑不同范式的运动。它们是自给自足的,在价值和公众需求上是平等的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Karate Sports Disciplines from the Spotlight of the Paradigm Shift of Japanese Combat Systems: Analytical Study
Background: Nowadays, many karate organizations hold their own competitions at various levels, up to and including the world championships. They are positioned as separate sports, although the content, rules and regulations of many of them differ only in details. A large number of similar sports versions of karate interfere with the correct understanding and objective assessment of karate in the modern world. Materials and Methods: Based on 40 years of practical experience in studying and teaching karate and on the results of his own research in 2019-2022, the author presents his point of view on the unification of sports versions of karate based on common systemic features into three separate sports. Like any sport, karate reflects the social phenomenon from which it originated. Using civilization-historical, functional and social approaches, the author suggests that the paradigm shifts in combat systems lead to the emergence of new forms that have deep systemic differences. Accordingly, these differences are also manifested in sports disciplines that have arisen on the basis of these forms. Results: Three forms of karate have a component with pronounced features of modern sport and form three systemically different competitive disciplines: 1) Style (Traditional) karate; 2) General karate; 3) Sports (Olympic) karate. The differences between them stem from the differences between the forms of karate from which they arose. Conclusions: Style, General and Sports karate are sports which require consideration in different paradigms. They are selfsufficient and equal in value and public demand.
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