REPRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INSOLVENCY IN ENGLISH METAPHORS

with the concrete. This is precisely the mechanism of the metaphor, which is inherently related to the mechanism of analogy. Scientists have come to the conclusion that metaphorization is a natural ability of man, a metaphor a form of thinking, and a metaphorical model an instrument of cognition and explanation of reality. However, among the metaphors we analyze, we find cases where direct translation is possible due to the coincidence of imaginative connotations that provide speakers of both languages with a certain vocabulary. In this case, we observe the reception of so-called metaphor calculation. The cause of this phenomenon is the same structuring of knowledge in different languages, especially those fragments that are common in the world conceptual pictures. For example, the metaphor “being in a difficult financial situation”: I'm sure now he has his back to the wall because he has lost his job (10, 56). Я впевнений зараз він припертий до стіни через те, що втратив роботу. This example shows that speakers of both languages, English and Ukrainian, have financial problems associated with hopelessness, insecurity, and limited space travel. Another illustration of the commonality of linguistic means, the somatisms used to actualize the absence of material existence means: Go to the bank and ask for the loan again. This time try not to come away empty-handed (2, 14). Іди до банку та попроси знову позику. Цього разу спробуй не повернутись з порожніми руками. A similar negative connotation common to both languages can be seen in the example: This coat has seen better days. I need a new one (6, 45). Це пальто бачило кращі часи. Мені потрібне нове. Another example is the translation of the metaphor semantics and structure, and the lexical meaning of words causes the same associations in the representatives of both languages. These are metaphors that illustrate “savings” as a result of financial problems, when the rational use of funds by analogy is compared with a slim figure: Things are beginning to cost more and more. It looks as though we’ll all have to tighten our belts (7, 193). Товари починають коштувати все дорожче. Виглядає так, що ми всі будемо змушені затягнути пояси. 30 Чередниченко О. Про мову і переклад. К. : Либідь, 2007. Ст. 165.