Research on the Design Problem of University Running Characteristics Based on Strategic Management Thought

The design of university running characteristic is the starting point of the construction of university running characteristic, and it plays an important role in forming the characteristic of university running. From the perspective of strategic management, this paper studies the concept, connotation and basic form of university running characteristics, and expounds the position and function of the university running characteristics design, and puts forward a method of designing university running characteristics, the purpose of which is to provide some theoretical references for the construction of university running characteristics. Keywords—university, university running characteristics, design of university running characteristic I. THE CONCEPT AND CONNOTATION OF THE UNIVERSITY RUNNING CHARACTERISTICS The proposing of the university running characteristics problems began in the western developed countries such as the United States in the early years of the last century. In recent years, with the vigorous development of Chinese higher education, the problems of university running characteristics have begun to attract more and more attention from the higher education circles. At present, there is no an universally accepted to definition of the university running characteristics in academia. In the western countries, the literature on the characteristics of school running is very limited, but from the educational monographs and related comments of some famous western educationists or famous university presidents, it can clearly see their understanding and pursuit of the university running characteristics and the university running personality. Prof. Alison Richard, the president of the University of Cambridge, once said that in the whole higher education system, every university has its own characteristics, and the pattern of diversification is the external manifestation of every university. Prof. Ishi Hiromitsu, the president of the Hitotsubashi University in Japan, believes that universities with no characteristics or personality are difficult to survive in society when their scale development is blocked. The president of David Baltimore, California Institute of Technology, proposed that universities should have a variety of types and levels. Schools of different types and levels have their own characteristics. The most important thing is to make clear orientation, to clear ideas, to keep their features, and to innovate constantly, to become a first-class university [1]. In recent years, with the increasing emphasis on the characteristics of running schools in China's higher education circles, relevant research has also presented a high degree of “heat.” This has played a positive role in the profound understanding the nature and significance of the university running characteristics. For the definition of university running characteristics, many Chinese scholars have elaborated on them from different perspectives. At present, a relatively wide identification definition is given in the "Research Report on University Running Characteristics Issues" by the Chinese and Foreign University Presidents Forum in 2002, that is, "the university running characteristics refer to a relatively durable and stable development mode formed by a university in the course of development and socially-recognized, unique and excellent school-running feature. Starting from this definition, many scholars have made a deep study on the connotation of university running characteristics, and think that the connotation of university running characteristics is mainly reflected in six aspects [2][3]. (1) Uniqueness. Uniqueness means having a difference from other colleges and universities in the same aspect or the same field, it is the particularity built on the basis of universality. The uniqueness can be understood from two aspects. One is "independence", that is unique, which is what people usually say " other one have not and but only I have"; the second is “special”, which is a significant difference or personality when compared with similar things. This difference or personality can be a whole or a certain aspect, but it must be easy for people to identify and perceive. (2) High quality. The high quality of the university running characteristics is superior to those of similar universities. Advantages are not characteristics, but they can be transformed into characteristics under certain conditions. Compared with uniqueness, only when a university's uniqueness has the advantage that other universities cannot catch up and able to manage in a short period of time, can this constitute an advantage of a university. Therefore, the lack of uniqueness cannot form the university running characteristics, and there is no absolute comparative advantage that cannot be the university running characteristics. (3) Public recognition. Whether a university is good or bad, and whether it has the characteristics of running a school, its own recognition is not "authoritative". Only when a university 2nd International Conference on Social Science, Public Health and Education (SSPHE 2018) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 196