Christena Watts , Jianxian Sun , Paul D. Jones , Hui Peng , John P. Giesy
{"title":"氯化水中无管制的溴化消毒副产物的月变化与总溴有关","authors":"Christena Watts , Jianxian Sun , Paul D. Jones , Hui Peng , John P. Giesy","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2022.06.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brominated disinfection by-products (Br-DBPs) can form during the chlorination of drinking water in treatment plants (DWTP). Regulations exist for a small subset of Br-DBPs; however, hundreds of unregulated Br-DBPs have been detected, and limited information exists on their occurrence, concentrations, and seasonal trends. Here, a data-independent precursor isolation and characteristic fragment (DIPIC-Frag) method were optimized to screen chlorinated waters for Br-DBPs. There were 553 Br-DBPs detected with <em>m/z</em> values ranging from 170.884 to 497.0278 and chromatographic retention times from 2.4 to 26.2 min. With MS<sup>2</sup> information, structures for 40 of the 54 most abundant Br-DBPs were predicted. The method was then applied to a year-long study in which raw, clear well, and finished water were analyzed monthly. The 54 most abundant unregulated Br-DBPs were subjected to trend analysis. Br-DBPs with higher oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) and bromine-to-carbon (Br/C) ratios increased as water moved from the clear well to the finished stage, which indicated the dynamic formation of Br-DBPs. Monthly trends of unregulated Br-DBPs were compared to raw water parameters, such as natural organic matter, temperature, and total bromine, but no correlations were observed. It was found that total concentrations of bromine (TBr) in finished water (0.04–0.12 mg/L) were consistently and significantly greater than in raw water (0.013–0.038 mg/L, <em>P</em> < 0.001), suggesting the introduction of bromine during the disinfection process. Concentrations of TBr in treatment units, rather than raw water, were significantly correlated to 34 of the Br-DBPs at α = 0.05. This study provides the first evidence that monthly trends of unregulated Br-DBPs can be associated with the concentration of TBr in treated waters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985022000308/pdfft?md5=b05da5f6719e0fde3a9589382d9dbb27&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985022000308-main.pdf","citationCount":"4","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Monthly variations of unregulated brominated disinfection by-products in chlorinated water are correlated with total bromine\",\"authors\":\"Christena Watts , Jianxian Sun , Paul D. Jones , Hui Peng , John P. 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The 54 most abundant unregulated Br-DBPs were subjected to trend analysis. Br-DBPs with higher oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) and bromine-to-carbon (Br/C) ratios increased as water moved from the clear well to the finished stage, which indicated the dynamic formation of Br-DBPs. Monthly trends of unregulated Br-DBPs were compared to raw water parameters, such as natural organic matter, temperature, and total bromine, but no correlations were observed. It was found that total concentrations of bromine (TBr) in finished water (0.04–0.12 mg/L) were consistently and significantly greater than in raw water (0.013–0.038 mg/L, <em>P</em> < 0.001), suggesting the introduction of bromine during the disinfection process. Concentrations of TBr in treatment units, rather than raw water, were significantly correlated to 34 of the Br-DBPs at α = 0.05. 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Monthly variations of unregulated brominated disinfection by-products in chlorinated water are correlated with total bromine
Brominated disinfection by-products (Br-DBPs) can form during the chlorination of drinking water in treatment plants (DWTP). Regulations exist for a small subset of Br-DBPs; however, hundreds of unregulated Br-DBPs have been detected, and limited information exists on their occurrence, concentrations, and seasonal trends. Here, a data-independent precursor isolation and characteristic fragment (DIPIC-Frag) method were optimized to screen chlorinated waters for Br-DBPs. There were 553 Br-DBPs detected with m/z values ranging from 170.884 to 497.0278 and chromatographic retention times from 2.4 to 26.2 min. With MS2 information, structures for 40 of the 54 most abundant Br-DBPs were predicted. The method was then applied to a year-long study in which raw, clear well, and finished water were analyzed monthly. The 54 most abundant unregulated Br-DBPs were subjected to trend analysis. Br-DBPs with higher oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) and bromine-to-carbon (Br/C) ratios increased as water moved from the clear well to the finished stage, which indicated the dynamic formation of Br-DBPs. Monthly trends of unregulated Br-DBPs were compared to raw water parameters, such as natural organic matter, temperature, and total bromine, but no correlations were observed. It was found that total concentrations of bromine (TBr) in finished water (0.04–0.12 mg/L) were consistently and significantly greater than in raw water (0.013–0.038 mg/L, P < 0.001), suggesting the introduction of bromine during the disinfection process. Concentrations of TBr in treatment units, rather than raw water, were significantly correlated to 34 of the Br-DBPs at α = 0.05. This study provides the first evidence that monthly trends of unregulated Br-DBPs can be associated with the concentration of TBr in treated waters.
期刊介绍:
Eco-Environment & Health (EEH) is an international and multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal designed for publications on the frontiers of the ecology, environment and health as well as their related disciplines. EEH focuses on the concept of “One Health” to promote green and sustainable development, dealing with the interactions among ecology, environment and health, and the underlying mechanisms and interventions. Our mission is to be one of the most important flagship journals in the field of environmental health.
Scopes
EEH covers a variety of research areas, including but not limited to ecology and biodiversity conservation, environmental behaviors and bioprocesses of emerging contaminants, human exposure and health effects, and evaluation, management and regulation of environmental risks. The key topics of EEH include:
1) Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation
Biodiversity
Ecological restoration
Ecological safety
Protected area
2) Environmental and Biological Fate of Emerging Contaminants
Environmental behaviors
Environmental processes
Environmental microbiology
3) Human Exposure and Health Effects
Environmental toxicology
Environmental epidemiology
Environmental health risk
Food safety
4) Evaluation, Management and Regulation of Environmental Risks
Chemical safety
Environmental policy
Health policy
Health economics
Environmental remediation