SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF THE SULFATION PROCESS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SURFACTANT SUBSTANCES

Data on the use of surface-active substances in various areas of Ukrainian industry are given. The rapid development of the production of surface-active substances is shown. The main stages of the production of surface-active substances are given. It is shown that the sulfation stage is the main one, at which high quality indicators of the obtained products are achieved. The main disadvantages and advantages of sulfating agents in the technology of surface-active substances (surfactants) are given. The characteristics of the equipment and technological schemes of the sulfation process of organic substances are given. It is claimed that the use of tubular film absorbers with a downward flow of phases is currently the most promising for use in industrial conditions. Convective diffusion equations for the simplified models of Lewis – Whitman, Levich, Higby, Dankverts are given. It is proposed to present the process of sulfation in a tubular film absorber with the following stages: the process of mass transfer of gaseous sulfur trioxide to the surface of the interface, the process of absorption of sulfur trioxide by an organic substance with the passage of an exothermic chemical reaction, the process of heat exchange between the liquid phase and the gaseous air flow, the process of heat exchange between the liquid phase and the flow of cooling water. The equation for calculating the mass transfer coefficient is given, which allows obtaining data close to Gutierrez's experimental data. The passage of successive chemical reactions during the absorption of sulfur trioxide by organic raw materials is shown. Kinetic equations and methods of calculating the degree of sulfation and color of the obtained products are given. Basic equations for calculating heat transfer coefficients and heat transfer coefficients are given. The results of mathematical modeling of the sulfation process in a tubular film absorber are given. The possibility of achieving high quality indicators of the obtained product is shown: the degree of sulfation is 97,9 %, the color is 1 unit on the iodine scale.