Egg rejection behavior and clutch characteristics of the European Greenfinch introduced to New Zealand

Animal populations, with a known history of introduction events, provide opportunities to study the dynamics of how rapid shifts in ecological context affect behavioral (e.g., responses to brood parasitism) and life-history (e.g., clutch and egg parameters) traits. We studied the European Greenfinch ( Carduelis chloris) introduced to New Zealand, regarding foreign-egg rejection behaviors and also compared their clutch characteristics with data from the source populations in the United Kingdom. Although previously this species had been considered an unsuitable host for the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), and not impacted by selection pressure associated with brood parasit- ism, we found that Greenfinches in our study population were able to eject experimental eggs at low frequencies. In contrast, nest desertion rates were similar in experimentally parasitized and control unmanipulated nests, implying that nest desertion is not an antiparasite adaptation in this species. Contrary to previous studies, we did not find significant differences in clutch and egg sizes between introduced and source populations. This study emphasizes (1) the importance of using control treat - ments in studies of host responses to experimental parasitism, (2) including apparently unsuitable hosts of brood parasites, and (3) meta-replicating prior studies to further the process of gaining and validating scientific knowledge.