Evaluation of Complication of Repeat Cesarean Section: A Study of 100 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Worldwide, caesarean section (CS) is one of the most commonly performed obstetric procedures. Maternal mortality and morbidities associated with repeat caesarean section is an important health problem in global perspective that needs to be addressed. Objectives: To evaluate the complications of repeat caesarean section. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Rangpur medical college hospital, Rangpur from July ’18 to June ‘20 after acceptance and ethical clearance of the protocol. During data collection total admitted patient were 2123 out of which 446 caesarean section was done among them 100 patients of my study population were selected by fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. After full explanation, informing the details of the purpose of the study informed written consent was obtained from the study subjects/ or her legal gardian. After Meticulous history taking thorough physical examination was done on every patient and available investigations according to the need of management was done in the hospital. Per operative and postoperative complications were noted. Information’s were collected in predesigned questionnaire and presented in tabulated form and that was finally was analyzed with the help of computer program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 23. Result: Total patient admitted during my data collection were 2123 and of them 446 caesarean sections were done and repeat caesarean sections were 100. The incidence of repeat caesarean section was 22.42%. 35% respondents were between >25-30 years of age. Average gestational age was >36 – 40 weeks. Emergency caesarean section was done in 79% cases and elective in 21% cases. 68% patients had adhesion, 38% had uterine atonicity, 26% had injury to the surrounding structure, placenta previa was found in 7% cases and morbid adhesion of placenta was found in 3% cases. Additional procedures like blood transfusion needed in 34% cases, adhesiolysis performed in 21% cases, ICU admission needed in 16% cases, caesarean hysterectomy performed in 11% cases and B-Lynch suture in 8% cases. Among the postoperative complications wound infection occurred in 20% cases, PPH in 13% cases, UTI in 9% cases, paralytic ileus in 4% cases and postpartum psychosis in 3% cases. Maternal mortality was found in only 3% cases. Conclusion: Repeat caesarean section is associated with increased number of intraoperative and postoperative complications like adhesion, placenta previa, morbid adherent placenta, PPH, wound infection thus increasing maternal morbidity. So, the best way to reduce these morbidity and mortality by reducing primary caesarean section rates by taking judicious decision and indications should be appropriate and C/S should be done by well-trained doctors and specialists in well-equipped centre.