How small cities in Middle America thrive: An exploration of the role of leadership and social networks

ABSTRACT Recent recessions, the pandemic, and national elections have shone the spotlight on areas of the U.S. disconnected from the prosperity enjoyed by other parts of the country. The threats of deindustrialization, a stagnant economy, unemployment, poor public health, declining social mobility, inequality, and polarization have made small cities the epicenter of a declining heartland. This study used multiple regression to analyze data from 50 cities to examine the role of leadership, social networks, civic engagement, polarization, and the built environment in thriving cities compared to those in distress. The results provide evidence of success of small cities in the heartland. Thriving cities have a densely built environment, multigenerational leadership, and high social capital. The results have implications for local leaders working to improve the quality of place in small cities. The results fortify the need for civic leadership in places that have struggled to be competitive with higher quality peers.