中学体育教学

Ilaria Viscione, P. Invernizzi, G. Raiola
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引用次数: 8

摘要

中学体育活动的教学通过单向的方法-教学决策强加了一种规定性教学:教师指导,学生执行。通过技能提高来提高成绩,通过练习来构建新技能,需要采用一种较少规定性的方法,允许学生更自由地表达自己,并根据伯恩斯坦关于执行可变性的运动原理促进启发式学习。体育不像其他理论知识那样具有科学的知识基础,因为形体和运动的科学范式是以做和行动为基础的。与科学教育界一致,我们问自己最合适的方法是用运动来教育身体,在康复的意义上,人通过身体来训练人(生活技能),并通过运动为人的幸福而努力(软技能)。这一愿景似乎在中学一年级以前的体育教育文件中得到了缓和,而在需要更高水平教育的中学中似乎发生了变化。除了这个处方,对提高个人服务的运动能力水平相当有用,个人在群体中的表现问题也出现了,以实现共同目标(体育游戏),其中除了重要的技能水平外,还需要最好和最快的决策。出于这种需要,“理解教学游戏”的方法论应运而生,它既考虑了战术部分,也考虑了使能部分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Physical education in secondary higher school
Teaching of motor activities in secondary higher school imposes a prescriptive teaching through unidirectional methodological-didactic decisions: teacher directs and the student performs. Improving performance through skills improvement and the structuring of new skills through exercise requires the adoption of a less prescriptive methodology and allowing the student to express himself with greater freedom and awareness to facilitate heuristic learning according to the motor principle by Bernstein of executive variability. Physical education doesn’t have the scientific basis in knowledge as for other theoretical knowledge because the scientific paradigm of corporeality and movement is based on doing and acting. In agreement with the scientific pedagogical community, we ask ourselves about the most appropriate methodology to educate the body with the movement in a habilitative sense, the person through the body for a training of the person (life skills) and strive for the person's well-being through movement (soft skills). This vision seems to be tempered in the documents of physical education up to the first-grade secondary school and seems to change in secondary higher school, when a higher level of education is required. Alongside this prescription, reasonably useful for raising the levels of motor ability of individual services the problem of individual performance in groups arises to achieve the common goal (sports game), where along with significant skill levels, the best and fastest possible decision is also needed. For this necessity, the methodology of the "Teaching games for understanding" comes to the rescue, which contemplates the tactical part together with the enabling one.
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