Reward and Punishment System Applied to Students in Military Educational Institutions in the Ottoman Empire: the Example of Military Secondary School

The first steps of innovation, which emerged due to the decline of the Ottoman Empire, were taken in the field of education. The most important part of modernization in education, which gained high speed, especially in the Tanzimat (Reorganization) reform period, was the military educational institutions. After schools such as military high schools and secondary schools were established, the modernization practices in education continued at a fast pace. It began in engineering schools at the end of the XVIII century, a long-time after the opening of military high schools in 1845, as a result of a decision taken on January 9, 1875, military secondary schools were opened to meet the students’ need of military high schools. This study aims to reveal the rules (rewards and punishments) established to regulate the behaviours of military secondary school students through the historical document analysis method.Case studies have been benefited from in this research, which was conducted through qualitative research methods and techniques. As a result of the archive and literature screening, the management and institutional functioning of the military secondary schools were determined by the directives published in specific periods. The resources of the research are library data, especially archival documents, including legal regulations. The findings obtained from those resources have been enriched by memoirs and inferences have been made accordingly.