住房和学校种族再隔离的过程:声誉社会学

A. Wells
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引用次数: 5

摘要

美国在住房模式和公立学校招生方面有着悠久的种族和民族隔离历史,同时也在努力消除这种隔离。这篇文章讨论了我们在美国学到的东西,即即使我们的国家变得更加多样化,据报道种族态度正在改善,20世纪城市和郊区的种族差异消失,要制止住房和学校的种族隔离模式是多么困难。为了解释反复发生的再种族隔离的过程,作者开发了一个新的跨学科框架,以促进对地方或社区以及嵌入其中的学校的种族化观念如何使种族隔离永久化的理解,尽管人口结构、态度和城市-郊区线的地铁移民不断变化。声誉社会学、群体偏见、以及在现存的分离和不平等的结构中拥有最多资本的购房者的选择,都是作者用来帮助我们重新认识熟悉的隔离模式的研究主体。大多数关于美国住房和学校种族隔离的研究都考察了种族隔离的程度和结果(Massey & Denton, 1993;Wells和Frankenberg, 2007)或学校和住房的选择往往导致种族和社会经济隔离加剧,因为更富裕的白人父母使用强大的社会网络来指导他们的偏好(Holme, 2002;Wells et al., 2014)。虽然这两方面的研究都很重要,但文献中缺少的是对个人选择与隔离场所和学校之间不断加强的关系的探索。换句话说,与其把住房和学校的选择过程看作是那些拥有最多选择的人——即富裕的白人——根据他们的网络输入做出个人决定的方式,不如把它看作是社会和行为科学的新兴趋势。Robert A. Scott和Marlis Buchmann(总编辑)与Stephen Kosslyn(咨询编辑)。©2018 John Wiley & Sons, IncISBN 978-1-118-90077-2。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Process of Racial Resegregation in Housing and Schools: The Sociology of Reputation
The United States has a long history of racial and ethnic segregation in housing patterns and public school enrollment as well as efforts to dismantle this segregation. This essay discusses what we have learned in the United States about how difficult it is to halt the patterns of housing and school segregation even as our nation becomes more diverse, racial attitudes are reportedly improving, and the twentieth century urban-suburban racial distinctions disappear. To explain the process of resegregation that occurs repeatedly, the author developed a new interdisciplinary framework to foster a deeper understanding of how racialized perceptions of places or neighborhoods and the schools embedded within them perpetuates segregation despite changing demographics, attitudes and metro migrations across urban-suburban lines. The sociology of reputation, the bias of crowds, and the choices of home buyers with the most capital amid the existing separate and unequal structures are the bodies of research the author draws upon to help us see familiar segregation patterns anew. EXISTING RESEARCH ON SEGREGATION AND WHAT IS MISSING Most research on racial segregation in housing and schools within the United States examines the degree and outcomes of racial segregation (Massey & Denton, 1993; Wells and Frankenberg, 2007) or school and housing choices that often result in increased racial and socioeconomic segregation as more affluent and white parents use powerful social networks to guide their preferences (Holme, 2002; Wells et al., 2014). While both lines of inquiry are important, what has been missing in the literature is an exploration of the reinforcing relationship between the individual choices and the segregated places and schools. In other words, rather than thinking of the housing and school choice process as a way those with the most options—namely affluent Whites—make individual decisions with input from their networks, Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Robert A. Scott and Marlis Buchmann (General Editors) with Stephen Kosslyn (Consulting Editor). © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-1-118-90077-2.
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