{"title":"《诺亚方舟》作者:Halyna Hordasevych:隐喻如何揭示创伤","authors":"S. Zhygun","doi":"10.28925/2412-2475.2023.21.6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the research in this article is a metaphor that reveals unresolved trauma. The process of metaphorization is part of shaping a trauma narrative, in which metaphor works as a protective mechanism that allows one not to talk about the traumatic experience directly, but still talk about it. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate how, in fiction about traumatic experiences, metaphor can seem like a way to give meaning to events, but instead highlights the inability to express personal experience. The methodological basis of the research is trauma studies, in particular the works of K. Carut, M. Wilkinson, B. Van der Kolk, K. Brewin, V. Williams. Literary studies by J. Anker and T. Grebeniuk were also productive for the analysis of the problem. The relevance of the study is determinate by the need to study the peculiarities of the trauma narrative, in particular, based on the material of the literature about the Second World War. As a result of the analysis of H. Hordasevych’s story “Noah’s Ark”, it was concluded that metaphor in a traumatic text can be the category that determines narrative features and generates meaning even when the story itself has already ended. The metaphor of “Noah’s Ark” compares the life of Father Hilary’s family during the occupation to the Old Testament story. War is depicted as a natural disaster (flood) and punishment for sins. The priest’s house, where representatives of various national and social groups gather, is likened to an ark, and Ukraine’s independence should become a rainbow after the flood. At the same time, the metaphor of Noah’s ark reveals an incompleteness in the text — the narrator stops the story before the end of the flood, refusing to talk about the fact that salvation did not happen. This incompleteness of the metaphor marks the trauma — the inability to talk about the loss of family, social group, and national environment. That is, the story about the war and the occupation managed to be embodied in a coherent narrative, but the story about the arrival of Soviet power and its consequences was left out of the text. A frozen metaphor allows the narrative to begin, but the discrepancy between the known pretext and reality prevents it from continuing and verbalizing the trauma. At the same time, it is the metaphor that marks the existence of trauma, a silenced experience that the author is unable to translate into a story. The motive of silence as a consequence of trauma is accentuated by its thematization in the text.","PeriodicalId":120787,"journal":{"name":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"«Noah's Ark» by Halyna Hordasevych: How Metaphor Reveals Trauma\",\"authors\":\"S. Zhygun\",\"doi\":\"10.28925/2412-2475.2023.21.6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The subject of the research in this article is a metaphor that reveals unresolved trauma. The process of metaphorization is part of shaping a trauma narrative, in which metaphor works as a protective mechanism that allows one not to talk about the traumatic experience directly, but still talk about it. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate how, in fiction about traumatic experiences, metaphor can seem like a way to give meaning to events, but instead highlights the inability to express personal experience. The methodological basis of the research is trauma studies, in particular the works of K. Carut, M. Wilkinson, B. Van der Kolk, K. Brewin, V. Williams. Literary studies by J. Anker and T. Grebeniuk were also productive for the analysis of the problem. The relevance of the study is determinate by the need to study the peculiarities of the trauma narrative, in particular, based on the material of the literature about the Second World War. As a result of the analysis of H. Hordasevych’s story “Noah’s Ark”, it was concluded that metaphor in a traumatic text can be the category that determines narrative features and generates meaning even when the story itself has already ended. The metaphor of “Noah’s Ark” compares the life of Father Hilary’s family during the occupation to the Old Testament story. War is depicted as a natural disaster (flood) and punishment for sins. The priest’s house, where representatives of various national and social groups gather, is likened to an ark, and Ukraine’s independence should become a rainbow after the flood. At the same time, the metaphor of Noah’s ark reveals an incompleteness in the text — the narrator stops the story before the end of the flood, refusing to talk about the fact that salvation did not happen. This incompleteness of the metaphor marks the trauma — the inability to talk about the loss of family, social group, and national environment. That is, the story about the war and the occupation managed to be embodied in a coherent narrative, but the story about the arrival of Soviet power and its consequences was left out of the text. A frozen metaphor allows the narrative to begin, but the discrepancy between the known pretext and reality prevents it from continuing and verbalizing the trauma. At the same time, it is the metaphor that marks the existence of trauma, a silenced experience that the author is unable to translate into a story. The motive of silence as a consequence of trauma is accentuated by its thematization in the text.\",\"PeriodicalId\":120787,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends\",\"volume\":\"38 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1900-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2023.21.6\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2023.21.6","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
本文的研究主题是揭示未解决的创伤的隐喻。隐喻的过程是形成创伤叙事的一部分,隐喻作为一种保护机制,允许人们不直接谈论创伤经历,但仍然谈论它。这项研究的目的是证明,在关于创伤经历的小说中,隐喻似乎是赋予事件意义的一种方式,但却强调了无法表达个人经历。该研究的方法论基础是创伤研究,特别是K. Carut, M. Wilkinson, B. Van der Kolk, K. Brewin, V. Williams的作品。J. Anker和T. Grebeniuk的文学研究也有助于分析这一问题。这项研究的相关性取决于研究创伤叙事的特殊性的需要,特别是基于关于第二次世界大战的文献材料。通过对H. Hordasevych的故事《诺亚方舟》的分析,我们得出结论:在创伤性文本中,隐喻可以成为决定叙事特征和产生意义的范畴,即使故事本身已经结束。“诺亚方舟”的比喻将希拉里神父一家在占领期间的生活比作旧约故事。战争被描绘成自然灾害(洪水)和对罪恶的惩罚。神父的房子是各个国家和社会团体的代表聚集的地方,被比作方舟,乌克兰的独立应该成为洪水后的彩虹。同时,诺亚方舟的隐喻揭示了文本的不完整性——叙述者在洪水结束之前就把故事停了下来,拒绝谈论救赎没有发生的事实。这种隐喻的不完整标志着创伤——无法谈论失去家庭、社会群体和国家环境。也就是说,关于战争和占领的故事成功地体现在一个连贯的叙述中,但关于苏联政权到来及其后果的故事却被遗漏在文本中。一个凝固的隐喻让叙事得以开始,但已知的借口和现实之间的差异阻止了它继续和用语言表达创伤。同时,隐喻也标志着创伤的存在,这是一种作者无法将其转化为故事的沉默经历。沉默的动机是创伤的结果,在文本中的主题化强调了沉默的动机。
«Noah's Ark» by Halyna Hordasevych: How Metaphor Reveals Trauma
The subject of the research in this article is a metaphor that reveals unresolved trauma. The process of metaphorization is part of shaping a trauma narrative, in which metaphor works as a protective mechanism that allows one not to talk about the traumatic experience directly, but still talk about it. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate how, in fiction about traumatic experiences, metaphor can seem like a way to give meaning to events, but instead highlights the inability to express personal experience. The methodological basis of the research is trauma studies, in particular the works of K. Carut, M. Wilkinson, B. Van der Kolk, K. Brewin, V. Williams. Literary studies by J. Anker and T. Grebeniuk were also productive for the analysis of the problem. The relevance of the study is determinate by the need to study the peculiarities of the trauma narrative, in particular, based on the material of the literature about the Second World War. As a result of the analysis of H. Hordasevych’s story “Noah’s Ark”, it was concluded that metaphor in a traumatic text can be the category that determines narrative features and generates meaning even when the story itself has already ended. The metaphor of “Noah’s Ark” compares the life of Father Hilary’s family during the occupation to the Old Testament story. War is depicted as a natural disaster (flood) and punishment for sins. The priest’s house, where representatives of various national and social groups gather, is likened to an ark, and Ukraine’s independence should become a rainbow after the flood. At the same time, the metaphor of Noah’s ark reveals an incompleteness in the text — the narrator stops the story before the end of the flood, refusing to talk about the fact that salvation did not happen. This incompleteness of the metaphor marks the trauma — the inability to talk about the loss of family, social group, and national environment. That is, the story about the war and the occupation managed to be embodied in a coherent narrative, but the story about the arrival of Soviet power and its consequences was left out of the text. A frozen metaphor allows the narrative to begin, but the discrepancy between the known pretext and reality prevents it from continuing and verbalizing the trauma. At the same time, it is the metaphor that marks the existence of trauma, a silenced experience that the author is unable to translate into a story. The motive of silence as a consequence of trauma is accentuated by its thematization in the text.