Banking Ecosystem from Positions of Ensuring Economic Security

This study examines the features of the formation of banking ecosystems from the standpoint of ensuring their economic security. The factors that determine the bank's ability to choose an ecosystem approach and distinguish an ecosystem from a holding vertically integrated structure are identified. The main directions of development of banking ecosystems are considered: B2B – business to business, B2C – business to consumers and О2О – online to offline. The study of empirical data on the construction of ecosystems by Russian banks allows us to identify the advantages and disadvantages of this process, and also it is shown what impact the ecosystem can have on the economic security of the banking sector. The introduction of the ecosystem prevents the risk of non-competitiveness in the development of new markets; the bank has the ability to allocate more funds for the formation and replenishment of reserve funds, as well as the development of new activities, which has a positive effect on the dynamics of ensuring the economic security of all levels of the ecosystem. The problems of the economic security of the banking sector arising in the process of building an ecosystem are based on omissions in personnel policy, the impossibility of total control of the elements of the ecosystem, investment, operational and financial risks, as well as an insufficient level of economic security of the ecosystem partner enterprises. The research results enrich the theoretical basis of work on the economic security of banking ecosystems and can be used by entrepreneurs in the design of ecosystems.