埃马纽埃尔·马克龙的新自由主义报复

G. Semeko
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引用次数: 1

摘要

法国目前正在经历一段相当困难的改革时期,总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙(Emmanuel Macron)正在进行改革,以使经济摆脱长期停滞,恢复该国在世界上的“伟大”。马克龙的改革举措基于货币主义配方和供给侧经济学的概念,是在20世纪70年代开始的全球经济自由化趋势的背景下考虑的,包括大多数发达国家和发展中国家。到目前为止,法国的变化一直很缓慢,远远落后于其他欧洲国家,并伴随着民众的大规模抗议,因为它们违背了战后国家统制社会经济模式的原则。法国经历了长期的自由化和国家的退步,法国的市场经济模式获得了一种混合的特征:它不再是国家统制,但也不是古典(盎格鲁-撒克逊)类型的自由主义模式。总统提出了一项任务,即通过改革不适应现代挑战的制度,将法国社会经济模式的新自由主义转型推向合乎逻辑的终点。本文分析了法国总统在马克龙之前进行的最重要的改革,以减少公共部门,改变劳动法和集体谈判程序,减少国家的社会支出等。马克龙(E. Macron)在奥朗德(F. hollande)担任总统期间在新自由主义改革中所扮演的角色得到了展示。尤其值得关注的是马克龙标志性改革的任务和内容,包括劳动立法改革、税收改革、铁路运输领域的国家垄断改革和不完整的养老金改革。就新自由主义改革的规模和意义而言,总统已经超越了他的前任。这无疑是新自由主义转型的重大突破,将对国家经济的进一步发展产生影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Emmanuel Macron's neoliberal revenge
France is currently going through a rather difficult period of reforms carried out by President Emmanuel Macron in order to bring the economy out of prolonged stagnation and restore the country's «greatness» in the world. Macron's reform initiatives, based on monetarist recipes and the concept of supply-side economics, are considered in the context of the global trend towards economic liberalization that began in the 1970 s and included most developed and developing countries. Until now, changes in France have been slow, with a great lag from other European countries and accompanied by mass protests of the population, because they run counter to the principles of the post-war dirigiste socio-economic model. France went through a long period of liberalization and retreat of the state, and the French model of the market economy has acquired a kind of hybrid character: it is no longer a dirigiste, but also neither a liberal model of the classical (Anglo-Saxon) type. The President set a task to bring the neoliberal transformation of the French socio-economic model to its logical end by reforming institutions that do not meet modern challenges. The article analyzes the most important reforms that were carried out by French presidents before E. Macron, in order to reduce the public sector, change labor law and collective bargaining procedures, reduce social expenditures of the state, etc. The role of E. Macron in neoliberal reforms during the presidency of F. Hollandeis shown. Particular attention is paid to the tasks and content of E. Macron's landmark reforms, including the reform of labor legislation, tax reform, the reform of the state monopoly in the field of railway transport, and the incomplete pension reform. The President has surpassed his predecessors in terms of the scale and significance of neoliberal reforms. This is unquestionably major breakthrough in neoliberal transformation, which will have an impact on the further development of the country's economy.
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