Coverage probability of the downlink in heterogeneous cellular networks on Nakagami-m fading channel

Low transmit power base stations (BSs) with flexible cell extension are included in wireless networks in order to support hot spots and cell edge coverage. Densification of different kind of BSs is one of the most important features of fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. Evaluation of the system performance in heterogeneous cellular networks is a crucial topic. In the literature, many papers study the performance analysis over Rayleigh fading to provide theoretical expressions such as the coverage probability, mean throughput and average rate. However, performance analysis for general fading is very limited. In this paper, the coverage probability over general fading is discussed and the derivation of downlink coverage probability over Nakagami-m fading is explained. To validate our analysis, we perform Monte Carlo simulations and the results closely match. The impacts of the key parameters, such as transmit power, BS density, cell extension bias, path loss component, distance to the BS are demonstrated.